Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020 Mar 23;59(13):5022-5049. doi: 10.1002/anie.201902900. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
Polymer networks, which are materials composed of many smaller components-referred to as "junctions" and "strands"-connected together via covalent or non-covalent/supramolecular interactions, are arguably the most versatile, widely studied, broadly used, and important materials known. From the first commercial polymers through the plastics revolution of the 20 century to today, there are almost no aspects of modern life that are not impacted by polymer networks. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to enable a complete understanding of these materials and facilitate their development for emerging applications ranging from sustainability and energy harvesting/storage to tissue engineering and additive manufacturing. Here, we provide a unifying overview of the fundamentals of polymer network synthesis, structure, and properties, tying together recent trends in the field that are not always associated with classical polymer networks, such as the advent of crystalline "framework" materials. We also highlight recent advances in using molecular design and control of topology to showcase how a deep understanding of structure-property relationships can lead to advanced networks with exceptional properties.
聚合物网络是由许多较小的成分（称为“连接点”和“链段”）通过共价或非共价/超分子相互作用连接在一起的材料，可以说是用途最广泛、研究最广泛、应用最广泛和最重要的材料。从第一个商业聚合物到 20 世纪的塑料革命，现代生活几乎没有一个方面不受聚合物网络的影响。然而，仍然有许多挑战需要解决，以实现对这些材料的全面理解，并促进它们在新兴应用领域的发展，从可持续性和能源收集/存储到组织工程和增材制造。在这里，我们提供了聚合物网络合成、结构和性能基础的统一概述，将该领域的最新趋势联系在一起，这些趋势并不总是与经典聚合物网络相关，例如结晶“框架”材料的出现。我们还强调了最近在使用分子设计和拓扑控制来展示如何通过深入了解结构-性能关系来获得具有优异性能的先进网络方面的进展。
