Department of Physico-Chemistry, Aquatic Systems Research Group, UNESCO/UNITWIN WiCop, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;236:124284. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.015. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
This study has as main objective assessing the toxicity of crack-cocaine combined with different scenarios of ocean acidification on fertilization rate and embryo-larval development of Echinometra lucunter sea urchin. Effects on early life stages were assessed at five different concentrations (6,25 mg.L; 12,5 mg.L; 25 mg.L; 50 mg.L and 100 mg.L) of crack-cocaine at four different pH values (8.5; 8.0; 7.5; 7.0). The pH values were achieved using two different methodologies: adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) and injecting carbon dioxide (CO). The fertilization test did not show significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) compared with control sample at pH values 8.5; 8.0 and 7.5. Results of embryo-larval assays showed a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of crack-cocaine at pH values tested (8.5, 8.0, 7.5) as 58.83, 10.67 and 11.58 mg/L for HCl acidification and 58.83, 23.28 and 12.57 mg/L for CO enrichment. At pH 7.0 the effects observed in fertilization rate and embryo development were associated with the acidification. This study is the first ecotoxicological assessment of illicit drug toxicity in aquatic ecosystems at different ocean acidification scenarios.
本研究的主要目的是评估可卡因与不同海洋酸化情景结合对海胆（Echinometra lucunter）受精率和胚胎-幼虫发育的毒性。在五个不同浓度（6、25 mg.L；12.5 mg.L；25 mg.L；50 mg.L 和 100 mg.L）的可卡因和四个不同 pH 值（8.5；8.0；7.5；7.0）下评估了早期生命阶段的影响。使用两种不同的方法（添加盐酸（HCl）和注入二氧化碳（CO））来实现 pH 值。与 pH 值为 8.5、8.0 和 7.5 的对照样品相比，受精试验没有显示出显著差异（p≤0.05）。胚胎-幼虫测定结果显示，在测试的 pH 值（8.5、8.0、7.5）下，可卡因的半最大有效浓度（EC50）分别为 HCl 酸化 58.83、10.67 和 11.58 mg/L，CO 富化 58.83、23.28 和 12.57 mg/L。在 pH 值为 7.0 时，受精率和胚胎发育观察到的影响与酸化有关。本研究是对不同海洋酸化情景下水生生态系统中非法药物毒性的首次生态毒理学评估。
