Tu Shen, Wan Simin, Jou Jerwen, Ma Yidan, Zhao Guang, Pan Weigang
Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2020 Jun;82(3):1221-1229. doi: 10.3758/s13414-019-01816-2.
Recent studies have investigated whether conscious awareness is necessary for semantic integration. Although results have varied, simultaneous presentation of words have consistently led to greater semantic integration than sequential presentation in a single location. The current studies were designed to investigate whether the disadvantage of sequential presentation for unconscious semantic integration is specific to unfamiliar word-by-word presentation in one location or extends to the more natural reading conditions of viewing items sequentially from left to right. In Experiment 1, when the first three characters of Chinese idioms were presented simultaneously under masked conditions, performance on a separate two-alternative forced-choice recognition task was at chance level. Despite being unaware of the identity of prime characters, participants were faster to indicate that a subsequent item was a Chinese character when it was congruent with the beginning of the idiom, thus providing evidence of semantic integration. In contrast, when the three (Experiment 2) or two (Experiment 3) prime characters were presented sequentially in time from left to right, there was no evidence of semantic integration. These results indicate that unconscious semantic integration is more limited than previously reported, and may require simultaneous visual presentation.
最近的研究探讨了语义整合是否需要意识觉知。尽管结果各不相同，但在单个位置同时呈现单词始终比顺序呈现导致更大程度的语义整合。当前的研究旨在调查顺序呈现对无意识语义整合的劣势是特定于在一个位置逐个呈现不熟悉的单词，还是扩展到从左到右顺序查看项目的更自然阅读条件。在实验1中，当成语的前三个字在掩蔽条件下同时呈现时，在单独的二选一强制选择识别任务中的表现处于随机水平。尽管参与者没有意识到启动字的身份，但当后续项目与成语开头一致时，他们能更快地指出该项目是一个汉字，从而提供了语义整合证据。相比之下，当三个（实验2）或两个（实验3）启动字从左到右按时间顺序呈现时，没有语义整合的证据。这些结果表明，无意识语义整合比先前报道的更有限，可能需要同时进行视觉呈现。
