Heiken Jay P., Katz Douglas S., Menu Yves
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
A very large range of disorders, from benign, self-limited conditions, to processes requiring emergency surgery, can present with acute abdominal and pelvic pain. The radiologist plays a substantial role in the routine diagnosis and management of patients with these disorders. Similarly, the radiologist plays a major role in the routine evaluation of patients with abdominal and pelvic trauma, whether blunt or penetrating. Computed tomography (CT) remains the mainstay of the evaluation of such patients, although protocols have evolved along with technological advancements. Ultrasound (US) has a continued important role, particularly for evaluation of right upper quadrant pain, for evaluation of suspected gynecologic disorders, and for evaluation of pediatric and pregnant patients with an acute abdomen. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a growing role for initial evaluation as well as follow-up of selected patients with a variety of acute abdominal and pelvic conditions (usually non-traumatic). Although it is not possible to cover every aspect of imaging of acute non-traumatic and traumatic conditions of the abdomen and pelvis in a single chapter, an overview is presented, with key concepts and teaching points.
从良性的自限性疾病到需要紧急手术的病症，各种各样的疾病都可能表现为急性腹部和盆腔疼痛。放射科医生在这些疾病患者的常规诊断和管理中发挥着重要作用。同样，放射科医生在腹部和盆腔创伤患者（无论是钝性伤还是穿透伤）的常规评估中也起着主要作用。计算机断层扫描（CT）仍然是此类患者评估的主要手段，尽管随着技术进步，检查方案也在不断演变。超声（US）持续发挥着重要作用，特别是在评估右上腹疼痛、疑似妇科疾病以及评估患有急腹症的儿科和孕妇患者方面。磁共振成像（MRI）在对各种急性腹部和盆腔疾病（通常为非创伤性）的部分患者进行初始评估及随访中发挥着越来越重要的作用。虽然不可能在一章中涵盖腹部和盆腔急性非创伤性和创伤性疾病成像的方方面面，但本文将给出一个概述，介绍关键概念和要点。
