Plasmid Replicons and β-Lactamase-Encoding Genes of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Humans and Food Animals in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

As resistance to the β-lactam class of antibiotics has become a worldwide problem, multidrug-resistant (MDR) human ( = 243) and food animal ( = 211) isolates from Lagos, Nigeria were further tested to characterize β-lactamase-encoding genes and plasmid replicons. Four β-lactamase-encoding genes (, , , and ) were detected using PCR-based replicon typing, 13 and 17 different replicons were identified using a subset of MDR from humans ( = 48) and animals ( = 96), respectively. Replicon types FIB and X2 were detected in equal numbers (2/48; 4.2% each) from human isolates, while type Y (16/96; 16.7%) was the most common type from animals. Only two replicon types, FIB and Y, were detected in both groups; all other types were confined to one group or the other, but not both. Using conjugation, replicon type Y, present in three donors, transferred in all three instances, whereas FIA transferred in 75% (3/4) of the matings. This study showed that β-lactamase genes were prevalent in MDR from both humans and animals in Nigeria and also contained diverse plasmid replicons. As the replicon-associated genes were mobile, they are likely to continue disseminating among and facilitating transfer of associated β-lactamase genes in this region.