Fisheries Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
Affiliate Faculty, Marine Biology Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
J Fish Biol. 2019 Oct;95(4):1086-1093. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14101. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
The most common goatfishes in Hawai'i, Mulloidichthys flavolineatus and M. vanicolensis, comprise a unique resource due to their cultural, ecological and biological significance. These species exhibit pulse-type recruitment to nearshore areas during the summer months. Such pulses of juvenile fishes provide prey for pelagic and nearshore fishes and support a popular directed fishery. However, limited scientific information exists on juvenile stages of these fishes, known locally as oama, despite their contribution to coastal ecology and the extensive nearshore fisheries. Here we resolve growth rates, habitat preferences, hatching dates, size and age structure, as well as fishing catch rates based on new recruits in 2014 and 2015. We sampled 257 M. flavolineatus and 204 M. vanicolensis to compare ecological and fisheries characteristics between species and years. Both show strong habitat segregation, with M. vanicolensis found almost exclusively on hard and M. flavolineatus on soft substrates. Oama recruited in anomalously high numbers in 2014, a trend reflected in a higher catch per unit effort. In contrast, 2015 recruits grew faster, were heavier on average and hatched later than during 2014. Both species have calculated hatch dates in March to July, with M. vanicolensis hatching earlier, recruiting earlier and being consistently larger than M. flavolineatus. This baseline information regarding recruitment and early life-history characteristics can enhance management for other data-limited species that comprise a substantial component of nearshore fisheries in Hawai'i.
在夏威夷，最常见的羊鱼，包括黄羊鱼和瓦氏羊鱼，由于其文化、生态和生物学意义而成为独特的资源。这些物种在夏季会向近岸地区呈脉冲式补充幼鱼。这些幼鱼的补充为洄游性鱼类和近岸鱼类提供了食物，并支持了一种受欢迎的定向捕捞渔业。然而，尽管这些鱼类（在当地被称为 oama）对沿海生态和广泛的近岸渔业有贡献，但关于它们幼鱼阶段的科学信息却很有限。在这里，我们根据 2014 年和 2015 年的新补充数据，确定了生长率、栖息地偏好、孵化日期、大小和年龄结构以及捕捞捕获率。我们对 257 条黄羊鱼和 204 条瓦氏羊鱼进行了采样，以比较两种鱼类和两个年份的生态和渔业特征。两种鱼类都表现出强烈的栖息地分离，瓦氏羊鱼几乎只存在于硬底质上，而黄羊鱼则存在于软底质上。2014 年 oama 的补充数量异常高，这一趋势反映在单位捕捞努力量的渔获量更高。相比之下，2015 年的幼鱼生长更快，平均体重更重，孵化时间比 2014 年晚。两种鱼类的孵化日期均在 3 月至 7 月之间，瓦氏羊鱼的孵化时间更早，补充更早，并且始终比黄羊鱼更大。关于补充和早期生活史特征的这些基线信息可以增强对其他数据有限的近岸渔业物种的管理，这些物种是夏威夷近岸渔业的重要组成部分。
