Grafeld Shanna, Oleson Kirsten L L, Teneva Lida, Kittinger John N
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
Conservation International, Center for Oceans, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 3;12(8):e0182104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182104. eCollection 2017.
Despite their importance for human well-being, nearshore fisheries are often data poor, undervalued, and underappreciated in policy and development programs. We assess the value chain for nearshore Hawaiian coral reef fisheries, mapping post-catch distribution and disposition, and quantifying associated monetary, food security, and cultural values. We estimate that the total annual value of the nearshore fishery in Hawai'i is $10.3-$16.4 million, composed of non-commercial ($7.2-$12.9 million) and commercial ($2.97 million licensed + $148,500-$445,500 unlicensed) catch. Hawaii's nearshore fisheries provide >7 million meals annually, with most (>5 million) from the non-commercial sector. Over a third (36%) of meals were planktivores, 26% piscivores, 21% primary consumers, and 18% secondary consumers. Only 62% of licensed commercial catch is accounted for in purchase reports, leaving 38% of landings unreported in sales. Value chains are complex, with major buyers for the commercial fishery including grocery stores (66%), retailers (19%), wholesalers (14%), and restaurants (<1%), who also trade and sell amongst themselves. The bulk of total nearshore catch (72-74%) follows a short value chain, with non-commercial fishers keeping catch for household consumption or community sharing. A small amount (~37,000kg) of reef fish-the equivalent of 1.8% of local catch-is imported annually into Hawai'i, 23,000kg of which arrives as passenger luggage on commercial flights from Micronesia. Evidence of exports to the US mainland exists, but is unquantifiable given existing data. Hawaiian nearshore fisheries support fundamental cultural values including subsistence, activity, traditional knowledge, and social cohesion. These small-scale coral reef fisheries provide large-scale benefits to the economy, food security, and cultural practices of Hawai'i, underscoring the need for sustainable management. This research highlights the value of information on the value chain for small-scale production systems, making the hidden economy of these fisheries visible and illuminating a range of conservation interventions applicable to Hawai'i and beyond.
尽管近岸渔业对人类福祉至关重要，但在政策和发展项目中，它们往往数据匮乏、价值被低估且未得到充分重视。我们评估了夏威夷近岸珊瑚礁渔业的价值链，绘制了捕捞后产品的分销和处置情况，并对相关的货币价值、粮食安全价值和文化价值进行了量化。我们估计，夏威夷近岸渔业的年总价值为1030万至1640万美元，由非商业捕捞（720万至1290万美元）和商业捕捞（297万美元有许可证的 + 14.85万至44.55万美元无许可证的）组成。夏威夷的近岸渔业每年提供超过700万份食物，其中大部分（超过500万份）来自非商业部门。超过三分之一（36%）的食物是食浮游生物的鱼类，26%是食鱼的鱼类，21%是初级消费者，18%是次级消费者。在购买报告中，只有62%的有许可证的商业捕捞量有记录，其余38%的上岸量未在销售中报告。价值链很复杂，商业渔业的主要买家包括杂货店（66%）、零售商（19%）、批发商（14%）和餐馆（<1%），他们之间也会进行交易和销售。近岸捕捞总量的大部分（72 - 74%）遵循短价值链，非商业渔民将捕捞物留作家庭消费或社区共享。每年有少量（约37000千克）的礁鱼——相当于当地捕捞量的1.8%——进口到夏威夷，其中23000千克是作为乘客行李从密克罗尼西亚搭乘商业航班运来的。有证据表明存在向美国大陆的出口，但根据现有数据无法量化。夏威夷近岸渔业支持着包括自给自足、活动、传统知识和社会凝聚力在内的基本文化价值。这些小规模的珊瑚礁渔业为夏威夷的经济、粮食安全和文化习俗带来了大规模的益处，凸显了可持续管理的必要性。这项研究突出了小规模生产系统价值链信息的价值，使这些渔业隐藏的经济状况得以显现，并阐明了一系列适用于夏威夷及其他地区的保护干预措施。
