Toxicology and Advanced Diagnostics, Ospedale S. Agostino-Estense, Modena, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Liver Int. 2019 Sep;39(9):1608-1621. doi: 10.1111/liv.14192. Epub 2019 Jul 28.
The development of immunotherapy for solid tumours has boosted interest in the contexture of tumour immune microenvironment (TIME). Several lines of evidence indicate that the interplay between tumour cells and TIME components is a key factor for the evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for the likelihood of response to immunotherapeutics. The availability of high-resolution methods will be instrumental for a better definition of the complexity and diversity of TIME with the aim of predicting disease outcome, treatment response and possibly new therapeutic targets. Here, we review current knowledge about the immunological mechanisms involved in shaping the clinical course of HCC. Effector cells, regulatory cells and soluble mediators are discussed for their role defining TIME and as targets for immune modulation, together with possible immune signatures for optimization of immunotherapeutic strategies.
肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）的结构一直是实体瘤免疫治疗发展的关注焦点。有几条证据表明，肿瘤细胞与 TIME 成分之间的相互作用是肝癌（HCC）演变以及对免疫治疗药物反应可能性的关键因素。高分辨率方法的出现将有助于更好地定义 TIME 的复杂性和多样性，以期预测疾病结局、治疗反应，以及可能的新治疗靶点。在这里，我们综述了目前关于塑造 HCC 临床病程的免疫机制的相关知识。讨论了效应细胞、调节细胞和可溶性介质在定义 TIME 中的作用，以及作为免疫调节靶点的作用，同时还讨论了可能的免疫特征，以优化免疫治疗策略。
