Fazi Francesco, Fatica Alessandro
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jun 28;7:116. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00116. eCollection 2019.
RNA chemical modifications in coding and non-coding RNAs have been known for decades. They are generally installed by specific enzymes and, in some cases, can be read and erased by other specific proteins. The impact of RNA chemical modifications on gene expression regulation and the reversible nature of some of these modifications led to the birth of the word epitranscriptomics, in analogy with the changes that occur on DNA and histones. Among more than 100 different modifications identified so far, most of the epitranscriptomics studies focused on the -methyladenosine (mA), which is the more abundant internal modification in protein coding RNAs. mA can control several pathways of gene expression, including spicing, export, stability, and translation. In this review, we describe the interplay between mA and non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs and lncRNAs, with examples of its role in gene expression regulation. Finally, we discuss its relevance in cell development and disease.
编码RNA和非编码RNA中的RNA化学修饰已为人所知数十年。它们通常由特定的酶安装，在某些情况下，还可被其他特定蛋白质识别并消除。RNA化学修饰对基因表达调控的影响以及其中一些修饰的可逆性，催生了“表观转录组学”这个词，这类似于DNA和组蛋白上发生的变化。在迄今已鉴定出的100多种不同修饰中，大多数表观转录组学研究都集中在N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）上，它是蛋白质编码RNA中含量更丰富的内部修饰。m6A可以控制基因表达的多个途径，包括剪接、输出、稳定性和翻译。在这篇综述中，我们描述了m6A与非编码RNA之间的相互作用，特别是微小RNA和长链非编码RNA，并举例说明了其在基因表达调控中的作用。最后，我们讨论了其在细胞发育和疾病中的相关性。
