Department of Food Production, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
FAO Sub-Regional Office for the Caribbean, Christ Church, Barbados.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Jul 17;191(8):498. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7612-z.
The fate of highly hazardous or persistent pesticides in soils and their potential for environmental and health risks depends on the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide, soil properties including biological health and climatic conditions. Assessing the fate and impact of pesticides in soil is complicated in the Caribbean due to the high diversity of soils and duality of climate. The FAO supported national competent authorities from 11 countries in the Caribbean in the assessment of obsolete stocks and potentially contaminated soil. The Environmental Management Tool Kit (EMKT) prioritised Fond Cole and Camden Base as the only critical sites. Preliminary site investigations that utilised the rapid environmental assessment (REA) methodology identified that contamination was restricted to an impervious layer at the Camden site. Pesticide properties varied across groups, with the organochlorides exhibiting greater sorptive capacity and lower leaching potential relative to the organophosphates. All tested soils were non-saline with alkaline pH and notably sandy in texture with low adsorptive capacity. Analysis of pesticide levels revealed low to undetected quantities across contaminated sites. Traces of Endrin and Dieldrin were found in Marienburg, Suriname. Overall, assessment of soil contamination from stored obsolete pesticides revealed minimal contamination, however, detailed assessment considering contamination gradients should be performed where pesticides were identified.
高度危险或持久性农药在土壤中的命运及其对环境和健康风险的潜在影响取决于农药的物理和化学性质、土壤特性，包括生物健康和气候条件。由于加勒比地区土壤多样性高、气候双重性，评估土壤中农药的命运和影响变得复杂。粮农组织支持加勒比地区 11 个国家的国家主管部门评估过时库存和可能受污染的土壤。环境管理工具包 (EMKT) 将 Fond Cole 和 Camden Base 列为唯一的关键地点。利用快速环境评估 (REA) 方法进行的初步现场调查表明，卡姆登现场的污染仅限于不渗透层。农药特性因组别而异，与有机磷农药相比，有机氯农药表现出更大的吸附能力和更低的淋滤潜力。所有测试的土壤均为非盐碱性，质地明显为沙质，吸附能力低。对农药水平的分析显示，受污染地点的含量较低或无法检测到。在苏里南的马里恩堡发现了恩丹和狄氏剂的痕迹。总的来说，从储存的过时农药中评估土壤污染显示出最小的污染，但应在发现农药的地方进行考虑污染梯度的详细评估。
