Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Oct;19(5):425-431. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000572.
The frequency of hospitalization for anaphylaxis has increased over the last 20 years across Europe, Australia, and North America, particularly, for food and medication triggers. Adolescents show the highest risk for morbidity and fatality from food-induced anaphylaxis, yet there is little high-quality evidence addressing the reasons for this disproportionate vulnerability.
Recent data seem to suggest a possible increasing burden of food-induced anaphylaxis among adolescents. Trends in anaphylaxis mortality are stable in North America and the United Kingdom, but not in Australia where the incidence of fatal anaphylaxis has recently doubled. The age distribution of fatal anaphylaxis varies according to the nature of the culprit trigger, with data suggesting an age-related predisposition to fatal food anaphylaxis in adolescents and young adults. Adolescence represents a critical phase of transition when rapid and substantial physical, emotional, and social changes occur. Therefore, adolescents show challenges in self-management that are different from other age groups, contributing to a higher risk of poor anaphylaxis outcomes.
The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data on epidemiology and elicitors of anaphylaxis in adolescents and to address currently known barriers and potential facilitators to self-management of anaphylaxis in this vulnerable age group.
综述目的：过去 20 年来，在欧洲、澳大利亚和北美，因食物和药物而引发的过敏反应住院治疗的频率不断上升，尤其是如此。青少年因食物引起的过敏反应而导致发病率和死亡率最高，但几乎没有高质量的证据可以解释这种不成比例的脆弱性的原因。
最新发现：最近的数据似乎表明，青少年的食物过敏反应负担可能在增加。北美的过敏反应死亡率趋势稳定，英国也是如此，但澳大利亚并非如此，其致命性过敏反应的发病率最近翻了一番。致命性过敏反应的年龄分布因罪魁祸首的性质而异，数据表明青少年和年轻人易发生与年龄相关的致命性食物过敏反应。青春期是一个快速而实质性的身体、情感和社会变化发生的关键过渡阶段。因此，青少年在自我管理方面存在挑战，与其他年龄组不同，这导致他们发生不良过敏反应的风险更高。
总结：本综述的目的是总结青少年过敏反应的流行病学和诱发因素的最新数据，并探讨这一年龄组自我管理过敏反应的当前已知障碍和潜在促进因素。
