婴儿喂养方式对喀麦隆山区≤5 岁儿童营养不良、疟疾和贫血发生的影响：一项横断面研究。
Influence of infant feeding practices on the occurrence of malnutrition, malaria and anaemia in children ≤5 years in the Mount Cameroon area: A cross sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Social Economy and Family Management, Higher Technical Teachers' Training College, University of Buea, Kumba, Cameroon.
Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 18;14(7):e0219386. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219386. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different infant feeding habits on the occurrence of malnutrition, Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and anaemia in children ≤5 years in the Mount Cameroon area.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 1227 children ≤5 years of age were recruited in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Socio demographic data and information on the different infant feeding habits was obtained by the use of semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by the use of anthropometric measurements. Plasmodium was detected by light microscopy and haemoglobin was measured by use of an auto-haematology analyser. Anaemia as well as its severity was classified based on WHO standards. The associations between variables were assessed using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) was 22.6%, mixed feeding (MF) was 60.1% and those not breastfed (NBF) at all was 17.3%. The prevalence of malnutrition, P. falciparum parasitaemia and anaemia was 32.6%, 30.4% and 77.3% respectively. Children who had EBF had significantly lower (P <0.001) prevalence of malaria parasite (16.2%) than those NBF at all (61.3%). The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher (P <0.001) in children who had MF (80.5%) while, severe and moderate anaemia was highest in those NBF at all (6.6%, 67.1% respectively; P = 0.029) than their counterparts. The significant predictors of anaemia were age group (P <0.001), marital status (P <0.001) and educational level of parent (P <0.001), that for malaria parasitaemia was infant feeding habit (MF: P< 0.001 and NBF: P <0.001) and malnutrition was age group (≤2 years: P <0.008 and 2.1-4.0 years: P = 0.028).
CONCLUSION
The infant feeding habit significantly influenced the occurrence of malaria parasite infection and not malnutrition and anaemia, hence EBF should be encouraged in malaria endemic zones.
背景
本研究旨在评估不同婴儿喂养习惯对喀麦隆山区 5 岁以下儿童营养不良、恶性疟原虫寄生虫血症和贫血发生的影响。
方法
采用描述性横断面研究，共招募了 1227 名 5 岁以下儿童。使用半结构式问卷获得社会人口统计学数据和不同婴儿喂养习惯信息。使用人体测量学测量评估营养状况。使用显微镜检查法检测疟原虫，使用自动血液学分析仪测量血红蛋白。根据世界卫生组织标准对贫血及其严重程度进行分类。使用逻辑回归分析评估变量之间的关联。
结果
纯母乳喂养（EBF）的流行率为 22.6%，混合喂养（MF）为 60.1%，完全不母乳喂养（NBF）为 17.3%。营养不良、恶性疟原虫寄生虫血症和贫血的流行率分别为 32.6%、30.4%和 77.3%。进行 EBF 的儿童恶性疟原虫寄生虫血症的患病率明显较低（P<0.001，16.2%），而完全不进行母乳喂养的儿童则较高（P<0.001，61.3%）。进行 MF 的儿童贫血的患病率明显较高（P<0.001，80.5%），而完全不进行母乳喂养的儿童严重和中度贫血的患病率最高（P=0.029，分别为 6.6%和 67.1%）。贫血的显著预测因素是年龄组（P<0.001）、婚姻状况（P<0.001）和父母的教育水平（P<0.001），恶性疟原虫寄生虫血症的显著预测因素是婴儿喂养习惯（MF：P<0.001，NBF：P<0.001），营养不良的显著预测因素是年龄组（≤2 岁：P<0.008，2.1-4.0 岁：P=0.028）。
结论
婴儿喂养习惯显著影响恶性疟原虫寄生虫感染的发生，而不是营养不良和贫血，因此在疟疾流行地区应鼓励进行纯母乳喂养。
Zotero 插件