Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Oct;105:288-304. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.006. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
Many studies have reported that heavy substance use is associated with impaired response inhibition. Studies typically focused on associations with a single substance, while polysubstance use is common. Further, most studies compared heavy users with light/non-users, though substance use occurs along a continuum. The current mega-analysis accounted for these issues by aggregating individual data from 43 studies (3610 adult participants) that used the Go/No-Go (GNG) or Stop-signal task (SST) to assess inhibition among mostly "recreational" substance users (i.e., the rate of substance use disorders was low). Main and interaction effects of substance use, demographics, and task-characteristics were entered in a linear mixed model. Contrary to many studies and reviews in the field, we found that only lifetime cannabis use was associated with impaired response inhibition in the SST. An interaction effect was also observed: the relationship between tobacco use and response inhibition (in the SST) differed between cannabis users and non-users, with a negative association between tobacco use and inhibition in the cannabis non-users. In addition, participants' age, education level, and some task characteristics influenced inhibition outcomes. Overall, we found limited support for impaired inhibition among substance users when controlling for demographics and task-characteristics.
许多研究报告称，大量物质使用与反应抑制受损有关。研究通常侧重于与单一物质的关联，而多物质使用很常见。此外，大多数研究将重度使用者与轻度/非使用者进行比较，而物质使用是一个连续的过程。当前的大型分析通过汇总来自 43 项研究（3610 名成年参与者）的个体数据来解决这些问题，这些研究使用 Go/No-Go（GNG）或停止信号任务（SST）来评估大多数“娱乐性”物质使用者的抑制能力（即物质使用障碍的发生率较低）。物质使用、人口统计学和任务特征的主要和交互效应被输入线性混合模型。与该领域的许多研究和综述相反，我们发现只有终生大麻使用与 SST 中的反应抑制受损有关。还观察到了一个交互效应：吸烟与抑制之间的关系（在 SST 中）在大麻使用者和非使用者之间存在差异，在非大麻使用者中，吸烟与抑制之间存在负相关。此外，参与者的年龄、教育水平和一些任务特征影响抑制结果。总的来说，我们发现，在控制人口统计学和任务特征后，物质使用者的抑制能力受损的证据有限。
