Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Tob Control. 2020 Feb;29(Suppl 2):s62-s71. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054984. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
Waterpipe tobacco (WPT; hookah) use is common in pregnant and reproductive-age women. Sweet flavours contribute to the appeal of WPT and are a potential regulatory target. This study investigated use, preferences and perceptions of WPT flavours in pregnant WPT users, and the impact of flavour preferences on preconception/prenatal WPT use and exposure biomarkers.
58 pregnant WPT users (mean age=27 years) completed a detailed interview regarding their WPT flavours use, preferences and perceptions. Biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen exposure (eg, cotinine, benzene, butadiene) were also collected.
55% of participants were dual/poly WPT users (ie, reported use of one or more other tobacco products in addition to WPT). Pregnant WPT users reported nearly exclusive use of flavoured WPT, with greater use of menthol/mint (68%) followed by fruit flavours (48%) (p<0.001), and greater preferences for fruit followed by menthol/mint flavours (ps<0.05). Harm perceptions did not differ among flavours. Compared with dual/poly WPT users, WPT-only users reported more total WPT use events, greater use of and preference for menthol/mint flavoured WPT (ps<0.001), and decreased exposure biomarkers (ps≤0.040). Preference for menthol/mint and fruit flavours predicted more flavoured WPT use events during preconception and pregnancy; preference for menthol/mint predicted detectable cotinine and benzene levels but not butadiene.
This is the first study of WPT flavour use, preferences and perceptions in pregnant women. Use of and preference for menthol/mint and fruit WPT flavours in this vulnerable population could be considered in regulating WPT flavours to protect the health of women and children.
水烟烟草（WPT；水烟）在孕妇和育龄妇女中很常见。甜味有助于增加 WPT 的吸引力，是潜在的监管目标。本研究调查了孕妇 WPT 用户对 WPT 口味的使用、偏好和看法，以及口味偏好对孕前/产前 WPT 使用和暴露生物标志物的影响。
58 名孕妇 WPT 用户（平均年龄 27 岁）完成了一项关于他们 WPT 口味使用、偏好和看法的详细访谈。还收集了尼古丁和致癌物质暴露的生物标志物（例如，可替宁、苯、丁二烯）。
55%的参与者是双重/多 WPT 用户（即，除 WPT 外，还报告使用一种或多种其他烟草产品）。孕妇 WPT 用户报告说几乎只使用调味 WPT，薄荷/薄荷（68%）和水果口味（48%）使用更多（p<0.001），并且更喜欢水果口味而不是薄荷/薄荷口味（ps<0.05）。不同口味之间的危害认知没有差异。与双重/多 WPT 用户相比，仅 WPT 用户报告的 WPT 使用总事件更多，对薄荷/薄荷调味 WPT 的使用和偏好更大（ps<0.001），并且暴露生物标志物降低（ps≤0.040）。对薄荷/薄荷和水果口味的偏好预测了更多的孕前和孕期调味 WPT 使用事件；对薄荷/薄荷的偏好预测了可检测到的可替宁和苯水平，但不能预测丁二烯。
这是第一项关于孕妇 WPT 口味使用、偏好和看法的研究。在这个脆弱的人群中，对薄荷/薄荷和水果 WPT 口味的使用和偏好可能会在监管 WPT 口味以保护妇女和儿童健康方面进行考虑。
