Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Room 703, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
Addict Behav. 2019 Apr;91:21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.043. Epub 2018 Oct 29.
Use, preferences, and perceptions of flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were investigated in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant mothers (N = 100; 50% smokers, M = 26; 66% low income; 65% minorities) via detailed interviews. Fruit and mint were the most commonly used flavors. Pregnant women endorsed increased use of fruit flavored e-cigarettes in preconception and pregnancy, greater preferences and intentions to use sweet flavors (fruit and candy), and lowest preferences for tobacco flavors. No differences in perceptions of general, pregnancy, or fetal-related health risks emerged across flavors. Latent factor mapping (biplots) based on correspondence analyses of contingency tables revealed clustering of more-preferred fruit and candy flavors versus least-preferred tobacco flavored e-cigarettes, with other sweet flavors-mint and alcohol-clustering more closely with fruit and candy flavors, and more pungent flavors-spice, coffee, chocolate-clustering near tobacco. Correspondence analysis also revealed uncorrelated clustering of preferences and harm perceptions, with intentions showing associations with both preferences and harm perceptions. Preference for fruit and mint flavored e-cigarettes and decreased harm perceptions significantly differentiated lifetime e-cigarette users from non-users. Results highlight preferences for fruit and mint flavored e-cigarettes during preconception and pregnancy, and links between preferences for fruit and mint flavors and lifetime use of e-cigarettes. These findings also highlight the utility of correspondence analysis for elucidating clustering of flavor perceptions and preferences for novel tobacco products.
通过详细访谈，在一个种族多样化的孕妇样本（N=100；50%为吸烟者，M=26；66%为低收入人群；65%为少数族裔）中调查了调味电子烟（电子烟）的使用、偏好和认知。最常使用的口味是水果味和薄荷味。孕妇表示在受孕前和怀孕期间增加了对水果味电子烟的使用，更倾向于使用甜口味（水果和糖果），而对烟草味的电子烟的偏好最低。不同口味的电子烟对一般、怀孕和胎儿相关健康风险的认知没有差异。基于列联表对应分析的潜在因子映射（双标图）显示，更受欢迎的水果和糖果口味与最不受欢迎的烟草味电子烟聚类，而其他甜味口味——薄荷和酒精——与水果和糖果口味聚类更接近，而更刺鼻的口味——香料、咖啡、巧克力——与烟草味聚类更接近。对应分析还揭示了偏好和危害认知的无关联聚类，意图与偏好和危害认知都有关联。对水果和薄荷味电子烟的偏好和对危害认知的降低显著区分了电子烟的终生使用者和非使用者。研究结果强调了在受孕前和怀孕期间对水果和薄荷味电子烟的偏好，以及对水果和薄荷味的偏好与电子烟终生使用之间的联系。这些发现还突出了对应分析在阐明新型烟草产品的口味认知和偏好聚类方面的效用。
