School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia.
Ecology. 2019 Nov;100(11):e02832. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2832. Epub 2019 Aug 14.
Incidence, or compositional, matrices are generated for a broad range of research applications in biology. Zeta diversity provides a common currency and conceptual framework that links incidence-based metrics with multiple patterns of interest in biology, ecology, and biodiversity science. It quantifies the variation in species (or OTU) composition of multiple assemblages (or cases) in space or time, to capture the contribution of the full suite of narrow, intermediate, and wide-ranging species to biotic heterogeneity. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the application and interpretation of patterns of continuous change in compositional diversity using zeta diversity. This includes consideration of the survey design context, and the multiple ways in which zeta diversity decline and decay can be used to examine and test turnover in the identity of elements across space and time. We introduce the zeta ratio-based retention rate curve to quantify rates of compositional change. We illustrate these applications using 11 empirical data sets from a broad range of taxa, scales, and levels of biological organization-from DNA molecules and microbes to communities and interaction networks-including one of the original data sets used to express compositional change and distance decay in ecology. We show (1) how different sample selection schemes used during the calculation of compositional change are appropriate for different data types and questions, (2) how higher orders of zeta may in some cases better detect shifts and transitions, and (3) the relative roles of rare vs. common species in driving patterns of compositional change. By exploring the application of zeta diversity decline and decay, including the retention rate, across this broad range of contexts, we demonstrate its application for understanding continuous turnover in biological systems.
发生率或组成矩阵是为生物学中广泛的研究应用而生成的。Zeta 多样性提供了一个共同的货币和概念框架，将基于发生率的指标与生物学、生态学和生物多样性科学中多种感兴趣的模式联系起来。它量化了多个集合（或案例）中物种（或 OTU）组成的变化，以捕捉窄、中和宽范围物种对生物异质性的全部贡献。在这里，我们提供了一个使用 Zeta 多样性来应用和解释组成多样性连续变化模式的概念框架。这包括考虑调查设计背景，以及 Zeta 多样性下降和衰减的多种方式，这些方式可用于检查和测试跨越空间和时间的元素身份的周转率。我们引入基于 Zeta 比的保留率曲线来量化组成变化的速率。我们使用来自广泛分类群、规模和生物组织层次的 11 个经验数据集来说明这些应用，包括用于表达生态学中组成变化和距离衰减的原始数据集之一。我们展示了（1）在计算组成变化期间使用的不同样本选择方案如何适用于不同的数据类型和问题，（2）Zeta 的更高阶次在某些情况下如何更好地检测到转变和过渡，以及（3）稀有物种与常见物种在驱动组成变化模式方面的相对作用。通过探索 Zeta 多样性下降和衰减的应用，包括保留率，在广泛的背景下，我们展示了其在理解生物系统中连续变化的应用。
