First molecular phylogeny of Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (Insecta, Diptera, Calliphoridae): A preliminary approach.

Paralucilia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (Diptera, Oestroidea, Calliphoridae) is a small genus of blowflies restricted to the Neotropical region, which is commonly reported on decaying corpses and vertebrate carcasses. The number of species currently assigned to this genus and their denominations are contentious, with either three or five species recognized by different authors. This taxonomic instability results in a lack of consensus in species determination, making it impossible to compare results from different studies as well as to elaborate confident taxonomic keys. In order to solve some of the most commonly reported taxonomic conflicts within this genus, to the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships among Paralucilia species, based on molecular analysis of the COI, ITS2, 28S, and 16S genes. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses were used for phylogenetic reconstruction and divergence time estimation analyses. Intra- and interspecific genetic distances were calculated among species using the COI dataset. The results showed that at least three of the five currently accepted species are well defined: P. fulvinota, P. pseudolyrcea, and P. paraensis, however, a significant level of intraspecific variation was observed in P. fulvinota. These findings will assist future revisions of the description, classification, and distribution of species of Paralucilia, as well as in the elaboration of taxonomic keys. Additionally, we show that it is possible to clarify the evolutionary history of this Neotropical genus using supplementary evidence such as morphology and molecular data.