Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Avenida 24-A, nº 1.515, Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13.506-900, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Araras, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330), Km 174, Araras, SP, CEP: 13.600-970, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia para Sustentabilidade, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, Km 110, Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Dec;236:124255. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.225. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
During foraging, bees are exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides, which can cause morphological changes to various organs, such as the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and mushroon body. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish a scoring system to evaluate these alterations based on the damage caused and its reversibility. Therefore, a grade 1 score indicates a minimal and easily reversible lesion, increased apocrine secretion, increased cell elimination into the lumen, and a larger quantity of spherocrystals; grade 2 was assigned to moderate and typically reversible injuries, such as changes in the brush border, vacuolation/loss of cytoplasmic material, presence/height of the brush border, and cell swelling; and grade 3 was assigned to serious and irreversible, loss of cell nests of regenerative cells, pyknosis, and loss of contact between Kenyon cells. In addition, frequency values were assigned since the alterations can occur at different frequencies according to the insecticide and the bees exposed; the frequency ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 representing the absence of an alteration and 6 representing a high-frequency occurrence. Based on the analyses, we conclude that each change causes morphological damage, which may or may not be irreversible and could affect the health of the colony.
在觅食过程中，蜜蜂会接触到亚致死剂量的杀虫剂，这可能导致各种器官（如中肠、马尔皮基氏管和蘑菇体）发生形态变化。因此，本研究的目的是建立一个评分系统，根据损伤及其可逆性来评估这些变化。因此，1 级评分表示最小且容易可逆的病变，表现为顶浆分泌增加、细胞向管腔中排出增加以及更多的球晶；2 级评分表示中度且通常可逆的损伤，如刷状缘变化、空泡化/细胞质物质丢失、刷状缘存在/高度以及细胞肿胀；3 级评分表示严重且不可逆的损伤，表现为再生细胞巢的丢失、核固缩以及肯尼恩细胞之间的接触丧失。此外，还分配了频率值，因为根据杀虫剂和暴露的蜜蜂，这些变化可能会以不同的频率发生；频率范围从 0 到 6，0 表示没有变化，6 表示高频发生。基于这些分析，我们得出结论，每种变化都会导致形态损伤，这种损伤可能是可逆的，也可能是不可逆的，并且可能会影响蜂群的健康。
