Chen Lin, He Tianjun, Ding Linglong, Lan Xinyan, Sun Jiahao, Xu Xiaoheng, Wu Huafen, Zhou Dayun, Huang Zhichu, Zhou Tianxing, Su Xiaoling, Chen Limin
Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China.
College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
Insects. 2025 May 4;16(5):492. doi: 10.3390/insects16050492.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Spinetoram (SPI) on the midgut of Fabricius pupae, emphasizing detoxifying enzyme activity, gene expression, and morphological alterations. Pupae were subjected to SPI at LC and LC concentrations, and the midgut was evaluated using morphological assessment, detoxifying enzyme assays, and transcriptome analysis utilizing gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Transcriptome analysis revealed 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were common to both the LC vs. control (CK) and LC vs. CK comparisons, along with 24 DEGs unique to the LC vs. CK comparison and 76 DEGs unique to the LC vs. CK comparison. KEGG pathway analysis indicated the substantial enrichment of pathways associated with drug metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, implying disruptions in detoxification mechanisms and broader metabolic imbalances resulting from SPI exposure. Morphological analysis showed a normal midgut structure in the control group, while significant damage was observed in the LC group, and severe degeneration was observed in the LC group. Detoxification enzyme assays revealed that the activities of cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase, and carboxylesterase significantly increased at LC ( < 0.05), indicating an initial induction of detoxification responses; however, they declined at LC, suggesting enzyme inhibition or midgut damage. The activity of acetylcholinesterase markedly diminished at both LC and LC ( < 0.05), with a more substantial decline observed at LC, suggesting possible neurotoxicity. These findings indicate that SPI exposure causes substantial alterations in midgut morphology, detoxifying enzyme activity, and gene expression in Fabricius pupae, underscoring the insecticide's detrimental impact on honey bee health.
本研究旨在评估多杀霉素（SPI）对意大利蜜蜂蛹中肠的影响，重点关注解毒酶活性、基因表达和形态学改变。将蛹暴露于LC和LC浓度的SPI中，并通过形态学评估、解毒酶测定以及利用基因本体论和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集的转录组分析来评估中肠。转录组分析显示，在LC与对照（CK）以及LC与CK比较中共有32个差异表达基因（DEG），此外在LC与CK比较中有24个独特的DEG，在LC与CK比较中有76个独特的DEG。KEGG通路分析表明，与药物代谢、异源生物代谢和氨基酸代谢相关的通路显著富集，这意味着SPI暴露导致解毒机制破坏和更广泛的代谢失衡。形态学分析表明，对照组中肠结构正常，而在LC组中观察到明显损伤，在LC组中观察到严重退化。解毒酶测定显示，细胞色素P450、谷胱甘肽S -转移酶和羧酸酯酶的活性在LC时显著增加（<0.05），表明解毒反应初步诱导；然而，在LC时它们下降，表明酶抑制或中肠损伤。乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性在LC和LC时均显著降低（<0.05），在LC时下降更显著，表明可能存在神经毒性。这些发现表明，SPI暴露会导致意大利蜜蜂蛹的中肠形态、解毒酶活性和基因表达发生显著改变，突出了该杀虫剂对蜜蜂健康的有害影响。
