Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 18;24(14):2617. doi: 10.3390/molecules24142617.
Heavy metals from industrial effluents and sewage contribute to serious water pollution in most developing countries. The constant penetration and contamination of heavy metals into natural water sources may substantially raise the chances of human exposure to these metals through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, which could lead to liver damage, cancer, and other severe conditions in the long term. Biosurfactant as an efficient biological surface-active agent may provide an alternative solution for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastes. Biosurfactants exhibit the properties of reducing surface and interfacial tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming, high selectivity, and specific activity at extreme temperatures, pH, and salinity, and the ability to be synthesized from renewable resources. This study aimed to produce biosurfactant from renewable feedstock, which is used cooking oil (UCO), by a local isolate, namely sp. HIP3 for heavy metals removal. sp. HIP3 is a Gram-positive isolate that gave the highest oil displacement area with the lowest surface tension, of 38 mN/m, after 7 days of culturing in mineral salt medium and 2% (/) UCO at a temperature of 30 °C and under agitation at 200 rpm. An extraction method, using chloroform:methanol (2:1) as the solvents, gave the highest biosurfactant yield, which was 9.5 g/L. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed that the biosurfactant produced by sp. HIP3 consists of a lipopeptide similar to standard surfactin. The biosurfactant was capable of removing 13.57%, 12.71%, 2.91%, 1.68%, and 0.7% of copper, lead, zinc, chromium, and cadmium, respectively, from artificially contaminated water, highlighting its potential for bioremediation.
工业废水中的重金属和污水导致大多数发展中国家面临严重的水污染。重金属不断渗透和污染天然水源，人类通过摄入、吸入或皮肤接触这些金属的可能性大大增加，长期以来可能导致肝损伤、癌症和其他严重疾病。生物表面活性剂作为一种有效的生物表面活性剂，可为从工业废水中去除重金属提供替代解决方案。生物表面活性剂具有降低表面和界面张力、稳定乳液、促进泡沫形成、在极端温度、pH 值和盐度下具有高选择性和特异性活性以及可从可再生资源合成的特性。本研究旨在从可再生原料（即用过的食用油（UCO））生产生物表面活性剂，该生物表面活性剂由当地分离株 sp. HIP3 用于去除重金属。 sp. HIP3 是一种革兰氏阳性分离株，在 30°C 温度下，在矿物盐培养基和 2%（/）UCO 中培养 7 天后，其油置换面积最大，表面张力最低，为 38 mN/m，搅拌速度为 200 rpm。使用氯仿:甲醇（2:1）作为溶剂的提取方法，得到了最高的生物表面活性剂产量，为 9.5 g/L。高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析证实， sp. HIP3 产生的生物表面活性剂由类似于标准表面活性剂的脂肽组成。该生物表面活性剂能够从人工污染水中去除 13.57%、12.71%、2.91%、1.68%和 0.7%的铜、铅、锌、铬和镉，突出了其在生物修复方面的潜力。
