Arakawa Naoko, Yamamura Shigeo, Duggan Catherine, Bates Ian
University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Josai International University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Gumyo, Togane-shi, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 Mar;16(3):396-404. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Jun 22.
The importance and usefulness of competency frameworks (CFs) in pharmacy professional development is recognised globally. However, there is no national CF for pharmacists in Japan yet.
This study was conducted to measure the level of relevance of behavioural statements of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Global Competency Framework (GbCF) to Japanese foundation-level pharmacy practice, aiming for developing a national framework for foundation-level pharmacists in Japan.
A cross-sectional, anonymous, online self-completed survey was conducted during June and July 2018 in Japan. The questionnaire was adopted from the GbCF, translated into Japanese. A snowballing sampling approach was used. The relevance levels of the GbCF items were assessed by using 4-point Likert scales, and analysed by descriptive and inferential methods.
A total 604 useable responses were included in analyses. High levels of relevance levels were found in two clusters ('pharmaceutical public health' and 'pharmaceutical care'), while the other two clusters ('organisation and management' and 'professional/personal') showed significantly low relevance (relevance = 89.6%, 82.5%, 59.6%, and 67.9%, respectively). The study found little engagement of the academic sector with framework, while the industry sector showed relevance to all clusters evenly. Regarding years working in sectors, there was no progression of relevance in 'organisation and management' and 'professional/personal' competencies during foundation years as well as very little professional/personal development.
The study revealed specific competencies and behaviours which require modifications to adapt the GbCF into the Japanese pharmacy practice environment. This is a key step towards the development of a national framework, illustrating current Japanese foundation-level pharmacy practice compared with global standards. The findings will be used as a base for developing a framework for foundation-level pharmacists in Japan and address concerns such as pharmacist preparedness to advance in management roles and limited personal and professional development.
能力框架（CFs）在药学专业发展中的重要性和实用性在全球范围内得到认可。然而，日本尚未有针对药剂师的国家能力框架。
本研究旨在衡量国际药学联合会（FIP）全球能力框架（GbCF）的行为陈述与日本基础水平药学实践的相关程度，目标是为日本基础水平药剂师制定国家框架。
2018年6月至7月在日本进行了一项横断面、匿名、在线自我完成的调查。问卷采用自GbCF，并翻译成日语。采用滚雪球抽样方法。使用4点李克特量表评估GbCF项目的相关程度，并通过描述性和推断性方法进行分析。
分析共纳入604份可用回复。在两个集群（“药学公共卫生”和“药学服务”）中发现了较高的相关程度，而另外两个集群（“组织与管理”和“专业/个人”）的相关程度显著较低（相关程度分别为89.6%、82.5%、59.6%和67.9%）。研究发现学术部门与该框架的参与度较低，而行业部门与所有集群的相关性较为平均。关于在各部门的工作年限，在基础阶段，“组织与管理”和“专业/个人”能力的相关性没有进展，专业/个人发展也非常有限。
该研究揭示了需要进行修改以使GbCF适应日本药学实践环境的特定能力和行为。这是朝着制定国家框架迈出的关键一步，展示了与全球标准相比当前日本基础水平的药学实践。这些发现将作为为日本基础水平药剂师制定框架的基础，并解决诸如药剂师准备晋升管理职位以及个人和专业发展有限等问题。
