Tomassetti Denise, Caracciolo Simona, Manciocco Arianna, Chiarotti Flavia, Vitale Augusto, De Filippis Bianca
Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.
Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
Behav Processes. 2019 Oct;167:103899. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103899. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
Specialization of the left and right hemispheres to control behavioural responses may represent one of the mechanisms underlying individual differences in personality structure, as well as the preferential use of one hand. The present study investigated the relationship between personality and hand preference in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a little New World monkey that presents highly consistent and stable individual hand preferences for simple reaching. To address this issue, data on 56 different behaviours from the species' behavioural repertoire were measured in 10 different laboratory tests and during observations under social conditions on 16 adult common marmosets. Stable behavioural variables were aggregated a priori into 13 personality traits. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on personality traits was carried out to verify the presence of major personality factors, and their relationship with direction and strength of individual hand preferences was assessed by multiple regression, taking into account sex and age of the subjects. The largest number of species-specific behaviours so far investigated in this species was taken into account and robust temporal stability between two testing periods was verified. We confirm that common marmosets are characterized by specific and stable personality profiles. A single personality factor, accounting for about 38% of the total variance, was found by EFA, that describes the interest towards unusual and new experiences and resembles the human Openness domain. The strength of the hand preference was found to be predicted by this personality factor, that we named Inquisitiveness. Present results highlight common marmoset as a useful primate model for the study of the relationship between personality and lateralization.
左右半球专门化以控制行为反应可能是个性结构个体差异以及单手偏好背后的机制之一。本研究调查了普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）的个性与手偏好之间的关系，普通狨猴是一种小型新大陆猴，在简单伸手动作方面表现出高度一致且稳定的个体手偏好。为解决这个问题，在10种不同的实验室测试以及16只成年普通狨猴的社会条件观察期间，测量了该物种行为库中56种不同行为的数据。先验地将稳定的行为变量汇总为13种个性特征。对个性特征进行探索性因子分析（EFA）以验证主要个性因素的存在，并通过多元回归评估它们与个体手偏好的方向和强度之间的关系，同时考虑到受试者的性别和年龄。本研究考虑了该物种迄今为止调查的最多数量的物种特异性行为，并验证了两个测试期之间强大的时间稳定性。我们证实普通狨猴具有特定且稳定的个性特征。通过EFA发现了一个单一的个性因素，占总方差的约38%，该因素描述了对不寻常和新体验的兴趣，类似于人类的开放性领域。发现手偏好的强度可由这个我们命名为好奇心的个性因素预测。目前的结果突出了普通狨猴作为研究个性与偏侧化关系的有用灵长类动物模型。
