Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy.
Ageing Res Rev. 2019 Sep;54:100935. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100935. Epub 2019 Jul 18.
Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome associated with biological vulnerability to stressors and decreased physiological reserve. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not completely understood, although various causes and complex pathways have been proposed. Immune system alterations (immunosenescence and "InflammAging") have been suggested to contribute to frailty, but a precise causative role of such alterations remains to be determined. Genetic studies support the suggestion of immune system involvement in frailty: genetic variants in genes involved in immune system function have been associated with the syndrome. Interestingly, nutritional status, through its effects on cellular metabolism, may also influence the immune system, i.e. hormone and cytokine (mainly adipocytokine) levels, and immune cell populations and function, increasing inflammation and contributing to frailty. This review aims to discuss the role of immune system alterations in frailty, analyzing the role of genetic factors in frailty onset and the impact of diet on inflammation and, in turn, on frailty.
衰弱是一种与应激生物易感性和生理储备减少相关的复杂老年综合征。尽管已经提出了各种原因和复杂途径，但衰弱的病因和发病机制仍不完全清楚。免疫系统改变（免疫衰老和“炎症衰老”）被认为有助于衰弱，但这些改变的确切因果作用仍有待确定。遗传研究支持免疫系统参与衰弱的观点：与免疫系统功能相关的基因中的遗传变异与该综合征有关。有趣的是，营养状况通过其对细胞代谢的影响，也可能影响免疫系统，即激素和细胞因子（主要是脂肪细胞因子）水平以及免疫细胞的数量和功能，从而增加炎症并导致衰弱。本综述旨在讨论免疫系统改变在衰弱中的作用，分析遗传因素在衰弱发病中的作用以及饮食对炎症的影响，进而对衰弱的影响。
