Rucksaken Rucksak, Maneeruttanarungroj Cherdsak, Maswanna Thanaporn, Sussadee Metita, Kanbutra Pithai
Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand.
Vet World. 2019 May;12(5):700-705. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.700-705. Epub 2019 May 24.
Dog blood parasites are important tick-borne diseases causing morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. Four dog blood parasites species are commonly found in Thailand: , and . They are transmitted easily by tick species. However, there is little prevalence data available in Thailand. Diseases presentation of blood parasites infection is similar, but the treatment of each species is different. Current diagnosis mainly relies on microscopic examination of a stained blood smear, which has low sensitivity. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is important. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and routine blood smears in the detection of four blood parasites species in dogs from Buriram Province, Thailand.
In total, 49 EDTA-blood samples were collected from dogs in Buriram Province, Thailand. Blood parasite infection was compared using the Giemsa-stained blood smear technique to identify the parasite under a 100× oil immersion with PCR amplification of the 18S rDNA gene of and and the 16S rDNA gene of and .
Only one dog out of 49 was positive for based on microscopic examination whereas the PCR results showed that 2.04% (1/49), 4.08% (2/49), 36.73% (18/49), and 30.61% (15/49) of dogs were positive for , and , respectively. Moreover, coinfection was found in 16.33% (8/49) of dogs.
This study is the first report to demonstrate the molecular prevalence of blood parasites in domestic dogs in Buriram Province. The results indicated that the PCR method exhibited much higher sensitivity and reliability for blood parasites diagnosis in dogs. Therefore, our data support serious concern regarding the diagnostic technique used in routine blood testing and also provide prevalence data for the management and control of blood parasites in this area.
犬血液寄生虫是重要的蜱传播疾病，在全球范围内导致犬类发病和死亡。泰国常见的四种犬血液寄生虫种类为： 、 、 和 。它们很容易通过蜱类传播。然而，泰国现有的流行率数据很少。血液寄生虫感染的疾病表现相似，但每种寄生虫的治疗方法不同。目前的诊断主要依赖于对染色血涂片的显微镜检查，其灵敏度较低。因此，准确诊断很重要。本研究旨在评估传统聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法和常规血涂片在检测泰国武里南府犬类四种血液寄生虫种类中的效果。
总共从泰国武里南府的犬类中采集了49份乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）抗凝血样本。使用吉姆萨染色血涂片技术比较血液寄生虫感染情况，在100倍油镜下鉴定寄生虫，并对 和 的18S rDNA基因以及 和 的16S rDNA基因进行PCR扩增。
基于显微镜检查，49只犬中只有1只 呈阳性，而PCR结果显示， 、 、 和 的阳性犬比例分别为2.04%（1/49）、4.08%（2/49）、36.73%（18/49）和30.61%（15/49）。此外，16.33%（8/49）的犬存在混合感染。
本研究是首次报道武里南府家犬血液寄生虫分子流行率的研究。结果表明PCR方法在犬类血液寄生虫诊断中具有更高的灵敏度和可靠性。因此，我们的数据支持对常规血液检测中使用的诊断技术予以高度关注，并为该地区血液寄生虫的管理和控制提供流行率数据。
