Larsen Bjørn Kjetil, Hean Sarah, Ødegård Atle
Department of Health Sciences, Hogskolen i Molde, Molde, Norway.
Social Work Department, Universitetet i Stavanger , Stavanger, Norway.
Int J Prison Health. 2019 Aug 29;15(3):282-292. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-06-2018-0032. Epub 2019 May 31.
Many offenders struggle when attempting to reintegrate into society after release from prison, and the conditions they face after release often lead to reoffending. The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model on reintegration after prison. The model has the potential to guide practitioners in their understanding of the relationships between welfare services and the agency of the offender.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The model was developed from a small-scale study in the Norwegian Criminal Justice system, which is well known for its emphasis on rehabilitation and crime prevention. Data collection aimed to explore the reintegration process from the perspective of the hard-to-reach and vulnerable population of serial offenders. Nine prisoners in two different prisons were interviewed. A thematic analysis identified two main themes that related, first, to the personal challenges the offenders faced in the rehabilitation and reintegration process and, second, to the factors in the welfare services that interacted with the prisoners' psychosocial issues in the reintegration process.
Findings suggest that the interaction between the psychosocial needs of the prisoners and the organization of the welfare services is complex and does not harmonize. The findings underpin the argument that the current reintegration strategies for certain groups of inmates need to be questioned and challenged.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The model is a conceptual model intended to provide a lens from which to reinterpret offenders' experiences of reintegration and applied to only the small and exploratory study described in this paper. As such, it requires further testing and substantiation, and the model and the study's findings should be regarded as tentative and cannot be generalized to a larger population. The prisoners were selected by the first author for convenience, and it is possible that this also influenced the findings. Other inmates may have presented other experiences.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: There are few studies looking into reintegration from the reoffenders' perspective, and this study also presents a model that serves as a reflective and analytical tool to developing new approaches to supporting offenders in their reintegration into society from prison in the future.
许多罪犯在试图从监狱释放后重新融入社会时面临困难，而他们释放后面临的状况往往导致再次犯罪。本文的目的是提出一个关于出狱后重新融入社会的概念模型。该模型有潜力指导从业者理解福利服务与罪犯能动性之间的关系。
设计/方法/途径：该模型是基于挪威刑事司法系统的一项小规模研究开发的，挪威刑事司法系统以其对改造和预防犯罪的重视而闻名。数据收集旨在从难以接触且易受伤害的惯犯群体的角度探索重新融入社会的过程。对两所不同监狱的九名囚犯进行了访谈。主题分析确定了两个主要主题，第一个主题与罪犯在改造和重新融入社会过程中面临的个人挑战有关，第二个主题与福利服务中在重新融入社会过程中与囚犯心理社会问题相互作用的因素有关。
研究结果表明，囚犯的心理社会需求与福利服务的组织之间的相互作用是复杂的，且不协调。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即当前针对某些囚犯群体的重新融入社会策略需要受到质疑和挑战。
研究局限性/启示：该模型是一个概念模型，旨在提供一个视角，以便重新解读罪犯重新融入社会的经历，并且仅应用于本文所述的小规模探索性研究。因此，它需要进一步测试和证实，该模型和研究结果应被视为初步的，不能推广到更多人群。这些囚犯是第一作者出于方便而挑选的，这有可能也影响了研究结果。其他囚犯可能会呈现出其他经历。
原创性/价值：很少有研究从再犯的角度探讨重新融入社会，本研究还提出了一个模型，作为一种反思和分析工具，以开发新方法来支持罪犯未来从监狱重新融入社会。
