School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China.
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Oct;253:569-577. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.033. Epub 2019 Jul 13.
Depending on their concentrations, sizes, and types, particulate matters of biological origins (bioPM) significantly affect human health. However, for different air environments, they are not well characterized and can vary considerably. As an example, we investigated the bioPM differences at an urban (Beijing) site and a rural (Wangdu) site in the North China Plain (NCP) using an online monitoring instrument, an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS), the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, and a high-throughput sequencing method. Generally, lower concentrations of viable bioPM (hourly mean: 1.3 × 10 ± 1.6 × 10 m) and endotoxin (0.66 ± 0.16 EU/m) in Beijing were observed compared to viable bioPM (0.79 × 10 ± 1.4 × 10 m) and endotoxin (15.1 ± 23.96 EU/m) at the Wangdu site. The percentage of viable bioPM number concentration in the total PM was 3.1% in Beijing and 6.4% in Wangdu. Approximately 80% of viable bioPM was found to be in the range from 1 to 2.5 μm. Nevertheless, the size distribution patterns for viable bioPM at the Beijing and Wangdu sites differed and were affected by PM pollution, leading to distinct lung deposition profiles. Moreover, the distinct diurnal variations in viable bioPM on clean days were dimmed by the PM pollution at both sites. Distinct bacterial community structures were found in the air from the Beijing and Wangdu sites. The bacterial community in urban Beijing was dominated by genus Lactococcus (49.5%) and Pseudomonas (15.1%), while the rural Wangdu site was dominated by Enterococcus (65%) and Paenibacillus (10%). Human-derived genera, including Myroides, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium, Dietzia, Helcococcus, and Facklamia, were higher in Beijing, suggesting bacterial emission from humans in the urban air environment. Our results show that different air harbors different biological species, and people residing in different environments thus could have very different biological particle exposure.
根据其浓度、大小和类型，生物源颗粒物（bioPM）会显著影响人类健康。然而，对于不同的空气环境，它们的特征并不明显，而且差异很大。例如，我们使用在线监测仪器、紫外线空气动力学粒子粒径仪（UV-APS）、鲎变形细胞溶解物（LAL）测定法和高通量测序方法，研究了华北平原（NCP）城市（北京）和农村（望都）站点之间的 bioPM 差异。一般来说，与望都站点的活 bioPM（每小时平均值：1.3×10±1.6×10m）和内毒素（0.66±0.16 EU/m）相比，北京的活 bioPM（0.79×10±1.4×10m）和内毒素（15.1±23.96 EU/m）浓度较低。北京活 bioPM 数浓度占总 PM 的百分比为 3.1%，望都为 6.4%。约 80%的活 bioPM 粒径分布在 1 到 2.5μm 之间。然而，北京和望都站点的活 bioPM 粒径分布模式不同，且受 PM 污染的影响，导致不同的肺部沉积特征。此外，两地在清洁日时，活 bioPM 的日变化特征因 PM 污染而变得模糊。北京和望都站点空气中的细菌群落结构存在明显差异。城市北京空气中的细菌群落主要由乳球菌属（49.5%）和假单胞菌属（15.1%）主导，而农村望都站点则主要由肠球菌属（65%）和芽孢杆菌属（10%）主导。来源于人类的属，包括微球菌属、链球菌属、丙酸杆菌属、迪茨氏菌属、海氏球菌属和法克氏菌属，在北京的含量较高，表明人类在城市空气环境中的细菌排放。我们的研究结果表明，不同的空气环境中存在不同的生物物种，居住在不同环境中的人们可能会暴露于非常不同的生物颗粒。
