Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Public Health. 2019 Sep;174:118-126. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.029. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
African countries are potential high growth markets for the alcohol and tobacco industries. This study aimed to identify exposures that are associated with initiating use of alcohol and tobacco products in young people living in Ethiopia. As televised football and Internet viewing are media through which products can be promoted to this population efficiently, these risk factors were of particular interest.
This is a cross-sectional study.
Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of 3967 children aged 13-19 years in 20 high schools in urban and rural Ethiopia on consumption and risk factors for alcohol and tobacco use in 2016, as well as exposure to potential sources of advertising.
Eight percent of respondents reported having ever smoked and 3% were current smokers. Twenty-nine percent reported ever having used alcohol, and 14% were current users. Risk factors for ever smoking included father smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21 to 3.15), mother smoking (OR 3.90; 95% CI: 1.63 to 9.33), best friend smoking (OR 5.86; 95% CI: 4.31 to 7.96) and home Internet access (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.27). There was a very strong positive association between ever having smoked cigarettes and ever having tried alcohol (P < 0.001). Risk factors for currently drinking alcohol included father drinking (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.01), mother drinking (OR 2.00; 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.77), home Internet access (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.90) and regular watching of televised football (OR 2.44 compared to those who do not; 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.78).
As in rich countries, tobacco and alcohol use among Ethiopian teenagers increases among those exposed to family and peer use but are also more common among those accessing the Internet and, for alcohol, those watching televised football. The effect of watching televised football on alcohol use, at least, is likely to be due to exposure to advertising.
非洲国家是烟酒行业潜在的高增长市场。本研究旨在确定与埃塞俄比亚青少年开始使用烟酒产品相关的暴露因素。由于电视足球和网络浏览是向这一人群有效推广产品的媒介，因此这些风险因素特别值得关注。
这是一项横断面研究。
2016 年，在埃塞俄比亚城乡 20 所高中的 3967 名 13-19 岁的儿童中，使用自我管理的问卷收集了关于烟酒使用的消费和风险因素以及潜在广告来源的暴露情况的数据。
8%的受访者报告曾经吸烟，3%的受访者目前吸烟。29%的受访者报告曾经使用过酒精，14%的受访者目前正在使用。曾经吸烟的风险因素包括父亲吸烟（比值比 [OR] 1.95；95%置信区间 [CI]：1.21 至 3.15）、母亲吸烟（OR 3.90；95% CI：1.63 至 9.33）、最好的朋友吸烟（OR 5.86；95% CI：4.31 至 7.96）和家庭网络接入（OR 1.75；95% CI：1.35 至 2.27）。曾经吸烟和曾经尝试过酒精之间存在很强的正相关性（P<0.001）。目前饮酒的风险因素包括父亲饮酒（OR 1.45；95% CI：1.05 至 2.01）、母亲饮酒（OR 2.00；95% CI：1.44 至 2.77）、家庭网络接入（OR 1.53；95% CI：1.24 至 1.90）和定期观看电视足球（与不观看相比，OR 2.44；95% CI：1.58 至 3.78）。
与富裕国家一样，埃塞俄比亚青少年的烟草和酒精使用在接触家庭和同伴使用的人群中增加，但在接触互联网的人群中更为常见，而对于酒精，在观看电视足球的人群中更为常见。至少，观看电视足球对酒精使用的影响可能是由于接触广告所致。
