Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa.
Glob Health Action. 2013 Jan 29;6:19216. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.19216.
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) have increased in South Africa over the past 15 years. While these usually manifest during mid-to-late adulthood, the development of modifiable risk factors that contribute to NCDs are usually adopted early in life.
To describe the urban-rural and gender patterns of NCD risk factors in black adolescents and young adults (15- to 24-year-olds) from two South African Demographic and Health Surveys conducted 5 years apart.
An observational study based on interviews and measurements from two cross-sectional national household surveys. Changes in tobacco and alcohol use, dietary intake, physical inactivity, and overweight/ obesity among 15- to 24-year-olds as well as urban-rural and gender differences were analysed using logistic regression. The 'Surveyset' option in Stata statistical software was used to allow for the sampling weight in the analysis.
Data from 3,186 and 2,066 black 15- to 24-year-old participants in 1998 and 2003, respectively, were analysed. In males, the prevalence of smoking (1998: 21.6%, 2003: 19.1%) and problem drinking (1998: 17.2%, 2003: 15.2%) were high and increased with age, but in females were much lower (smoking - 1998: 1.0%, 2003: 2.1%; problem drinking - 1998: 4.2%, 2003: 5.8%). The predominant risk factors in females were overweight/obesity (1998: 29.9%, 2003: 31.1%) and physical inactivity (2003: 46%). Urban youth, compared to their rural counterparts, were more likely to smoke (odds ratio (OR): 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.75), have high salt intake (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.12-2.78), be overweight/obese (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14-1.69), or be physically inactive (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12-1.89). However, they had lower odds of inadequate micronutrient intake (OR: 0.46, 95% CI 0.34-0.62), and there was no overall significant urban- rural difference in the odds for problem drinking but among females the odds were higher in urban compared to rural females.
Considering that the prevalence of modifiable NCD risk factors was high in this population, and that these may persist into adulthood, innovative measures are required to prevent the uptake of unhealthy behaviours, and regular surveillance is needed.
在过去的 15 年中，南非的非传染性慢性疾病（NCD）有所增加。虽然这些疾病通常在中年后期出现，但导致 NCD 的可改变风险因素的发展通常在生命早期就已经开始。
描述南非两次全国人口与健康调查中，15 至 24 岁的黑人青少年和年轻人（15-24 岁）的城乡和性别模式的 NCD 风险因素。
这是一项基于访谈和测量的观察性研究，来自于两次相隔 5 年的全国家庭调查。使用逻辑回归分析了 15 至 24 岁青少年的烟草和酒精使用、饮食摄入、身体活动不足和超重/肥胖的变化，以及城乡和性别差异。Stata 统计软件中的“Surveyset”选项用于在分析中考虑采样权重。
分别分析了 1998 年和 2003 年的 3186 名和 2066 名 15 至 24 岁的黑人参与者的数据。在男性中，吸烟（1998 年：21.6%，2003 年：19.1%）和酗酒（1998 年：17.2%，2003 年：15.2%）的流行率很高，并且随着年龄的增长而增加，但在女性中则低得多（吸烟-1998 年：1.0%，2003 年：2.1%；酗酒-1998 年：4.2%，2003 年：5.8%）。女性的主要风险因素是超重/肥胖（1998 年：29.9%，2003 年：31.1%）和身体活动不足（2003 年：46%）。与农村同龄人相比，城市青年更有可能吸烟（优势比（OR）：1.39，95%置信区间（CI）：1.09-1.75）、摄入高盐（OR：1.75，95% CI：1.12-2.78）、超重/肥胖（OR：1.39，95% CI：1.14-1.69）或身体活动不足（OR：1.45，95% CI：1.12-1.89）。然而，他们摄入微量营养素不足的可能性较低（OR：0.46，95% CI 0.34-0.62），并且在城市和农村地区之间，酗酒的几率没有总体显著差异，但在女性中，城市女性的酗酒几率高于农村女性。
鉴于该人群中可改变的 NCD 风险因素的流行率较高，并且这些因素可能会持续到成年期，因此需要采取创新措施来预防不健康行为的发生，并需要定期进行监测。
