Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 21;11(7):1672. doi: 10.3390/nu11071672.
The association of fatty acids with coronary heart disease (CHD) has been examined, mainly through dietary measurements, and has generated inconsistent results due to measurement error. Large observational studies and randomized controlled trials have shown that plasma phospholipid fatty acids (PL-FA), especially those less likely to be endogenously synthesized, are good biomarkers of dietary fatty acids. Thus, PL-FA profiles may better predict CHD risk with less measurement error.
We performed a matched case-control study of 2428 postmenopausal women nested in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Plasma PL-FA were measured using gas chromatography and expressed as molar percentage (moL %). Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (95% CIs) for CHD associated with 1 moL % change in PL-FA.
Higher plasma PL long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) were associated with increased CHD risk, while higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were associated with decreased risk. No significant associations were observed for very-long-chain SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), PUFA n-6 or fatty acids (TFA). Substituting 1 moL % PUFA n-6 or TFA with an equivalent proportion of PUFA n-3 were associated with lower CHD risk.
Higher plasma PL long-chain SFA and lower PUFA n-3 were associated with increased CHD risk. A change in diet by limiting foods that are associated with plasma PL long-chain SFA and TFA while enhancing foods high in PUFA n-3 may be beneficial in CHD among postmenopausal women.
主要通过饮食测量法，研究了脂肪酸与冠心病（CHD）之间的关系，但由于测量误差，结果并不一致。大型观察性研究和随机对照试验表明，血浆磷脂脂肪酸（PL-FA），尤其是那些不太可能内源性合成的脂肪酸，是膳食脂肪酸的良好生物标志物。因此，PL-FA 谱可能可以更好地预测 CHD 风险，且测量误差更小。
我们对嵌套在妇女健康倡议观察研究中的 2428 名绝经后妇女进行了一项配对病例对照研究。使用气相色谱法测量血浆 PL-FA，并以摩尔百分比（moL%）表示。多变量条件逻辑回归用于计算 PL-FA 每摩尔%变化与 CHD 相关的比值比（95%CI）。
较高的血浆 PL 长链饱和脂肪酸（SFA）与 CHD 风险增加相关，而较高的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与风险降低相关。未观察到非常长链 SFA、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、PUFA n-6 或 TFA 与 CHD 风险之间存在显著关联。用等量的 PUFA n-3 替代 1 moL%的 PUFA n-6 或 TFA 与 CHD 风险降低相关。
较高的血浆 PL 长链 SFA 和较低的 PUFA n-3 与 CHD 风险增加相关。通过限制与血浆 PL 长链 SFA 和 TFA 相关的食物，同时增加富含 PUFA n-3 的食物来改变饮食，可能对绝经后妇女的 CHD 有益。
