Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-392 31, Kalmar, Sweden.
BMC Evol Biol. 2019 Jul 22;19(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s12862-019-1475-3.
In the wake of climate change many environments will be exposed to increased and more variable temperatures. Knowledge about how species and populations respond to altered temperature regimes is therefore important to improve projections of how ecosystems will be affected by global warming, and to aid management. We conducted a common garden, split-brood temperature gradient (4.5 °C, 9.7 °C and 12.3 °C) experiment to study the effects of temperature in two populations (10 families from each population) of anadromous pike (Esox lucius) that normally experience different temperatures during spawning. Four offspring performance measures (hatching success, day degrees until hatching, fry survival, and fry body length) were compared between populations and among families.
Temperature affected all performance measures in a population-specific manner. Low temperature had a positive effect on the Harfjärden population and a negative effect on the Lervik population. Further, the effects of temperature differed among families within populations.
The population-specific responses to temperature indicate genetic differentiation in developmental plasticity between populations, and may reflect an adaptation to low temperature during early fry development in Harfjärden, where the stream leading up to the wetland dries out relatively early in the spring, forcing individuals to spawn early. The family-specific responses to temperature treatment indicate presence of genetic variation for developmental plasticity (G x E) within both populations. Protecting between- and within-population genetic variation for developmental plasticity and high temperature-related adaptive potential of early life history traits will be key to long-term viability and persistence in the face of continued climate change.
随着气候变化的发生，许多环境将面临更高和更频繁的温度变化。因此，了解物种和种群对温度变化的反应对于改进对生态系统受全球变暖影响的预测以及协助管理非常重要。我们进行了一个共同的花园，分裂育雏温度梯度（4.5°C、9.7°C 和 12.3°C）实验，以研究温度对两个洄游性梭子鱼（Esox lucius）种群（每个种群 10 个家庭）的影响，这些种群在产卵期间通常经历不同的温度。比较了两个种群之间和每个种群内的四个后代表现指标（孵化成功率、孵化日度数、幼鱼存活率和幼鱼体长）。
温度以种群特异性的方式影响所有表现指标。低温对 Harfjärden 种群有积极影响，对 Lervik 种群有负面影响。此外，温度对种群内的家族的影响也不同。
对温度的种群特异性反应表明种群间发育可塑性的遗传分化，并且可能反映了在 Harfjärden 早期幼鱼发育期间对低温的适应，在 Harfjärden，通向湿地的溪流在春季相对较早干涸，迫使个体提前产卵。对温度处理的家族特异性反应表明两个种群中都存在发育可塑性的遗传变异（G x E）。保护发育可塑性和与高温相关的早期生活史特征的适应潜力的种群间和种群内遗传变异将是在持续气候变化面前保持长期生存和生存的关键。
