Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
Waste Manag Res. 2019 Sep;37(9):885-897. doi: 10.1177/0734242X19862600. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Production, quality and quality assurance, as well as co-incineration of solid recovered fuels in cement industry, have become state-of-the-art in the European cement industry. At the global level, average thermal substitution rate is about 17%, whereby, only 13% in Canada and in the USA 16%, while in the European Union 28 it is about 44% (i.e. 11,300,000 t waste fuels utilised in 2016). In Austria, thermal substitution rate was ca. 80% in 2017, which was worldwide the highest one. Regarding solid recovered fuels for the cement industry, two types are relevant, namely solid recovered fuels PREMIUM Quality and solid recovered fuels MEDIUM Quality. In the case study shown, solid recovered fuels PREMIUM Quality from 11 and solid recovered fuels MEDIUM Quality from nine different solid recovered fuels production plants have been investigated. Investigations consist of sorting and sieving analyses (for PREMIUM), as well as physical-chemical analyses (for both solid recovered fuels types) according to the (inter)national standards (i.e. Austrian 'ÖNORM', European 'EN' standards and CEN TC 343 guidelines). The results gained from the first investigation were published in 2014 and here, results of further investigations are updated for 2016 and 2018 and confronted with legal and market relevant requirements. During the investigation, not enough parallel samples could be investigated and therefore no adequate scientific statistical analyses could be elaborated but a more practical indicative interpretation has been made. Finally, it can be confirmed, that all investigated solid recovered fuels fulfil the Austrian legal and international solid recovered fuels and co-incineration market requirements.
固体回收燃料在水泥行业中的生产、质量和质量保证，以及共燃，已经成为欧洲水泥行业的最新技术。在全球范围内，平均热替代率约为 17%，其中加拿大为 13%，美国为 16%，而欧盟约为 44%（即 2016 年利用了 1130 万吨废燃料）。在奥地利，2017 年的热替代率约为 80%，是全球最高的。就水泥行业用固体回收燃料而言，有两种相关类型，即优质固体回收燃料和中等质量固体回收燃料。在所示的案例研究中，研究了来自 11 个不同的固体回收燃料生产厂的优质固体回收燃料和来自 9 个不同的固体回收燃料生产厂的中等质量固体回收燃料。调查包括分类和筛分分析（针对优质固体回收燃料），以及根据（国际）标准（即奥地利的“ÖNORM”、欧洲的“EN”标准和 CEN TC 343 指南）进行的物理化学分析（针对两种固体回收燃料类型）。2014 年公布了第一次调查的结果，这里更新了 2016 年和 2018 年的进一步调查结果，并与法律和市场相关要求进行了对比。在调查过程中，没有足够的平行样本进行调查，因此无法进行适当的科学统计分析，但进行了更实际的指示性解释。最后，可以确认所有调查的固体回收燃料都符合奥地利法律和国际固体回收燃料和共燃市场的要求。
