Gasper Holly L, Roy Michael M, Flowe Heather D
Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA, United States.
School of Music, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 27;10:1452. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01452. eCollection 2019.
The present study sought to determine whether witness memory for duration could be improved. In three studies, we examined the effects of (breaking an event into its component parts), (supplying participants with a reference duration), and (summing component estimates). Participants watched a video-recorded mock crime and provided duration estimates for components of the crime (e.g., casing the car, unlocking the door, etc.) and for the total crime. Results indicate that bias in estimated duration was less for the sum of the parts than it was for the overall duration estimate. Further, the sum of the individual parts did not equal the total estimate, even though all estimates were given in sequence. Summing the component parts could be a more successful intervention than anchoring or unpacking and is easy to employ with witnesses.
本研究旨在确定证人对时长的记忆是否可以得到改善。在三项研究中，我们考察了分解（将一个事件分解为其组成部分）、锚定（为参与者提供一个参考时长）和求和（对各部分估计值求和）的效果。参与者观看了一段模拟犯罪的视频记录，并对犯罪的各个组成部分（例如，观察车辆、打开车门等）以及整个犯罪的时长进行估计。结果表明，各部分时长估计值之和的偏差小于总体时长估计的偏差。此外，即使所有估计都是按顺序给出的，各部分时长估计值之和也不等于总体估计值。与锚定或分解相比，对各部分时长估计值求和可能是一种更成功的干预方法，而且很容易应用于证人。
