青少年营养相关知识、态度和自我效能之间的关系：一项基于社区的调查。
Relationships between nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy among adolescents: A community-based survey.
作者信息
Sharma Shantanu, Akhtar Faiyaz, Singh Rajesh Kumar, Mehra Sunil
机构信息
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Division, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, Delhi, India.
出版信息
J Family Med Prim Care. 2019 Jun;8(6):2012-2016. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_217_19.
INTRODUCTION
Millions of adolescents are facing the burden of malnutrition in India, and the sociocultural context of nutrition poses challenges while addressing this burden. This study aimed to assess: (a) the determinants of knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores and (b) the relationships between nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores among adolescents in India.
METHODS
The community-based study was conducted among adolescents across three rural and three urban districts in India. This observational study employed a self-administered structured questionnaire containing information on demography, nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and dietary self-efficacy. Differences in knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores between sociodemographic variables were assessed using the -test. Regression analysis was used to determine relationships between knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores.
RESULTS
A total of 985 adolescents (44.5%) from rural areas and 1225 (55.5%) from urban slums participated. There were significant differences in knowledge, and self-efficacy scores between rural, urban inhabitants ( < 0.001), and adolescents with different grades of education ( < 0.001 for knowledge and = 0.01 for self-efficacy). There were significant differences in knowledge and attitude scores among adolescents from non-backward and backward classes ( < 0.001 for knowledge and = 0.02 for attitude) and those who were vegetarians and non-vegetarians ( = 0.002 for knowledge and < 0.001 for attitude). The study demonstrated significant relationships between knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy scores are determinants of dietary behavior and are inter-related. Community-based interventions targeting to improve the nutritional status of adolescents should focus on improving self-efficacy besides the other two determinants.
引言
在印度，数百万青少年面临着营养不良的负担，而营养的社会文化背景在应对这一负担时带来了挑战。本研究旨在评估：（a）知识、态度和自我效能得分的决定因素；（b）印度青少年中与营养相关的知识、态度和自我效能得分之间的关系。
方法
这项基于社区的研究在印度三个农村和三个城市地区的青少年中进行。这项观察性研究采用了一份自我管理的结构化问卷，其中包含有关人口统计学、营养相关知识、态度和饮食自我效能的信息。使用t检验评估社会人口统计学变量之间知识、态度和自我效能得分的差异。回归分析用于确定知识、态度和自我效能得分之间的关系。
结果
共有985名来自农村地区的青少年（44.5%）和1225名来自城市贫民窟的青少年（55.5%）参与。农村、城市居民之间的知识和自我效能得分存在显著差异（P<0.001），不同教育程度的青少年之间也存在显著差异（知识P<0.001，自我效能P=0.01）。非落后阶层和落后阶层的青少年之间的知识和态度得分存在显著差异（知识P<0.001，态度P=0.02），素食者和非素食者之间也存在显著差异（知识P=0.002，态度P<0.001）。该研究表明知识、态度和自我效能得分之间存在显著关系（P<0.001）。
结论
与营养相关知识、态度和自我效能得分是饮食行为的决定因素，且相互关联。针对改善青少年营养状况的社区干预措施除了关注其他两个决定因素外，还应注重提高自我效能。
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