Salam Rehana A, Hooda Mehar, Das Jai K, Arshad Ahmed, Lassi Zohra S, Middleton Philippa, Bhutta Zulfiqar A
Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
J Adolesc Health. 2016 Oct;59(4S):S29-S39. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.022.
Adequate adolescent nutrition is an important step for optimal growth and development. In this article, we systematically reviewed published studies till December 2014 to ascertain the effectiveness of interventions to improve adolescent nutrition. We found one existing systematic review on interventions to prevent obesity which we updated and conducted de novo reviews for micronutrient supplementation and nutrition interventions for pregnant adolescents. Our review findings suggest that micronutrient supplementation among adolescents (predominantly females) can significantly decrease anemia prevalence (relative risk [RR]: .69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .62-.76) while interventions to improve nutritional status among "pregnant adolescents" showed statistically significant improved birth weight (standard mean difference: .25; 95% CI: .08-.41), decreased low birth weight (RR: .70; 95% CI: .57-.84), and preterm birth (RR: .73; 95% CI: .57-.95). Interventions to promote nutrition and prevent obesity had a marginal impact on reducing body mass index (standard mean difference: -.08; 95% CI: -.17 to .01). However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to significant statistical heterogeneity.
充足的青少年营养是实现最佳生长发育的重要一步。在本文中，我们系统回顾了截至2014年12月发表的研究，以确定改善青少年营养干预措施的有效性。我们发现了一项关于预防肥胖干预措施的现有系统评价，并对其进行了更新，同时针对微量营养素补充以及针对怀孕青少年的营养干预措施进行了全新的评价。我们的评价结果表明，青少年（主要是女性）补充微量营养素可显著降低贫血患病率（相对风险[RR]：0.69；95%置信区间[CI]：0.62 - 0.76），而改善“怀孕青少年”营养状况的干预措施在统计学上显示出生体重显著增加（标准平均差：0.25；95% CI：0.08 - 0.41），低出生体重减少（RR：0.70；95% CI：0.57 - 0.84），早产减少（RR：0.73；95% CI：0.57 - 0.95）。促进营养和预防肥胖的干预措施对降低体重指数有一定影响（标准平均差：-0.08；95% CI：-0.17至0.01）。然而，由于存在显著的统计异质性，这些结果应谨慎解读。
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