Yu Pingping, Wang Qunliang, Zheng Lingxia, Jiang Yanfeng
Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Internet-of-Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Front Chem. 2019 Jun 26;7:455. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00455. eCollection 2019.
Porous carbon materials produced by biomass have been widely studied for high performance supercapacitor due to their abundance, low price, and renewable. In this paper, the series of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres (HPCN)/polyaniline (HPCN/PANI) nanocomposites is reported, which is prepared via polymerization. A novel approach with one-step pyrolysis of wheat flour mixed with urea and ZnCl is proposed to prepare the HPCN with surface area of 930 m/g. Ultrathin HPCN pyrolysised at 900°C (~3 nm in thickness) electrode displays a gravimetric capacitance of 168 F/g and remarkable cyclability with losing 5% of the maximum capacitance after 5,000 cycles. The interconnected porous texture permits depositing of well-ordered polyaniline nanorods and allows a fast absorption/desorption of electrolyte. HPCN/PANI with short diffusion pathway possesses high gravimetric capacitance of 783 F/g. It can qualify HPCN/PANI to be used as cathode in assembling asymmetric supercapacitor with HPCN as anode, and which displays an exceptional specific capacitance of 81.2 F/g. Moreover, HPCN/PANI//HPCN device presents excellent cyclability with 88.4% retention of initial capacity over 10,000 cycles. This work will provide a simple and economical protocol to prepare the sustainable biomass materials based electrodes for energy storage applications.
生物质制备的多孔碳材料因其丰富、价格低廉且可再生，已被广泛研究用于高性能超级电容器。本文报道了一系列氮掺杂分级多孔碳纳米球（HPCN）/聚苯胺（HPCN/PANI）纳米复合材料，其通过聚合制备。提出了一种将小麦粉与尿素和ZnCl混合进行一步热解的新方法来制备比表面积为930 m²/g的HPCN。在900°C热解的超薄HPCN（厚度约3 nm）电极显示出168 F/g的质量电容和出色的循环稳定性，在5000次循环后最大电容损失5%。相互连接的多孔结构允许有序聚苯胺纳米棒的沉积，并允许电解质快速吸收/解吸。具有短扩散路径的HPCN/PANI具有783 F/g的高质量电容。这使得HPCN/PANI有资格用作以HPCN为阳极组装不对称超级电容器的阴极，其显示出81.2 F/g的优异比电容。此外，HPCN/PANI//HPCN器件具有出色的循环稳定性，在10000次循环后初始容量保留88.4%。这项工作将提供一种简单且经济的方案，用于制备基于可持续生物质材料的电极以用于储能应用。
