Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110.
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.
Obes Rev. 2019 Oct;20(10):1350-1366. doi: 10.1111/obr.12906. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Population data indicate that sexual and gender minority adolescents may be at increased risk for excess weight gain compared with cisgender, heterosexual youth. However, no studies, to our knowledge, have systematically reviewed the literature on weight disparities in this population nor explored risk for overweight and obesity by sexual and gender minority subgroup across studies. The current systematic review, therefore, identified 21 studies that assessed the relationship between sexual and gender minority status and weight among adolescents. Results indicated an overall greater prevalence of overweight and obesity among sexual and gender minority adolescents compared with cisgender, heterosexual youth. However, cisgender sexual minority males demonstrated lower or no added risk for overweight and obesity, whereas cisgender sexual minority females demonstrated greater risk for overweight and obesity. Findings were mixed among gender minority adolescents. This study highlights weight disparities in sexual and gender minority youth, although important subgroup differences exist. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that may contribute to differential weight trajectories in this population and to develop tailored approaches for prevention and treatment.
人口数据表明，与顺性别、异性恋青年相比，性少数和跨性别青少年可能面临更大的体重增加风险。然而，据我们所知，尚无研究系统地综述该人群的体重差异，也未探讨跨性别人群和性少数群体亚组在不同研究中的超重和肥胖风险。因此，本次系统综述共确定了 21 项研究，评估了青少年的性少数和跨性别群体状态与体重之间的关系。结果表明，与顺性别、异性恋青年相比，性少数和跨性别青少年的超重和肥胖总体更为普遍。然而，顺性别性少数男性的超重和肥胖风险较低或没有增加，而顺性别性少数女性的超重和肥胖风险则更高。跨性别青少年的结果则各不相同。本研究强调了性少数和跨性别青少年的体重差异，尽管存在重要的亚组差异。需要进一步的研究来阐明可能导致该人群体重轨迹不同的机制，并制定针对预防和治疗的针对性方法。
