Cramer Fish Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Mount Hood Environmental, Boring, Oregon, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2020 Jan;16(1):114-127. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4196. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
Nontarget impacts of routine aerial silvicultural practices on surface water quality are not well documented. Thus, uncertainty remains regarding herbicide treatment effects on ecological and human health. To investigate factors that influence silvicultural herbicide concentrations in surface water and identify any potential risks, we conducted a 2-year study that monitored multiple streams for herbicide residues following aerial application of glyphosate, clopyralid, sulfometuron methyl (SMM), and metsulfuron methyl (MSM). The monitored streams drain recently harvested forest lands that also serve as municipal water sources for nearby communities in western Oregon's north coast range. A paired watershed design targeted predicted episodic pulses with water samples collected before, during, and after herbicide application, and during the first posttreatment storm events. We report no relic herbicide detections in control or test streams. Aerial application of glyphosate, clopyralid, SMM, and MSM resulted in no detections in control streams and only trace, episodic concentrations in test streams. Across all test streams from both study years, maximum SMM and MSM detections (≤0.030 μg/L) consistently occurred during the first storm event at sampling locations closest to the treated harvest unit. Results indicate that proximity to the treatment site, time from application, and rainfall influence herbicide presence and concentrations in surface water. Furthermore, detections of trace SMM and MSM concentrations were more than 25 000-fold and 60 000-fold below federal human health safety benchmarks for chronic exposure, respectively. We provide empirical context for understanding surface water herbicide presence following aerial silviculture application under modern forestry best management practices and identify potential risk to ecological and human health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1-14. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
常规航空造林作业对地表水水质的非目标影响没有得到很好的记录。因此，关于除草剂处理对生态和人类健康的影响仍然存在不确定性。为了调查影响地表水中林用除草剂浓度的因素，并确定任何潜在风险，我们进行了为期两年的研究，监测了俄勒冈州西北部北海岸山脉地区多个溪流中草甘膦、氯吡嘧磺隆、甲磺隆甲酯（SMM）和甲磺隆（MSM）施用于航空后的除草剂残留情况。监测的溪流流经最近采伐的林地，也是附近社区的市政水源。采用配对流域设计，针对预测的偶发性脉冲，在施药前、施药期间和施药后以及第一次施药后风暴事件期间采集水样。我们在对照或测试溪流中没有检测到残留的除草剂。草甘膦、氯吡嘧磺隆、SMM 和 MSM 的航空施药在对照溪流中没有检测到，而在测试溪流中只检测到痕量、偶发性浓度。在两年的研究中，所有测试溪流的最大 SMM 和 MSM 检测值（≤0.030μg/L）均在最接近施药采伐区的采样点首次风暴事件中发生。结果表明，与处理地点的距离、施药时间和降雨量都会影响地表水中除草剂的存在和浓度。此外，痕量 SMM 和 MSM 浓度的检测值分别比联邦政府慢性暴露安全基准值低 25000 倍和 60000 倍。我们为了解在现代林业最佳管理实践下航空造林后地表水中除草剂的存在情况提供了经验背景，并确定了对生态和人类健康的潜在风险。《综合环境评估与管理》2019 年；00:1-14。©2019 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊出版公司代表环境毒理化学学会（SETAC）出版。
