Scully-Engelmeyer Kaegan, Granek Elise F, Nielsen-Pincus Max, Lanier Andy, Rumrill Steven S, Moran Patrick, Nilsen Elena, Hladik Michelle L, Pillsbury Lori
Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, Salem, OR 97301, USA.
Toxics. 2021 Mar 2;9(3):46. doi: 10.3390/toxics9030046.
Terrestrial land use activities present cross-ecosystem threats to riverine and marine species and processes. Specifically, pesticide runoff can disrupt hormonal, reproductive, and developmental processes in aquatic organisms, yet non-point source pollution is difficult to trace and quantify. In Oregon, U.S.A., state and federal forestry pesticide regulations, designed to meet regulatory water quality requirements, differ in buffer size and pesticide applications. We deployed passive water samplers and collected riverine and estuarine bivalves , , and from Oregon Coast watersheds to examine forestry-specific pesticide contamination. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling and regression to relate concentrations and types of pesticide contamination across watersheds to ownership and management metrics. In bivalve samples collected from eight coastal watersheds, we measured twelve unique pesticides (two herbicides; three fungicides; and seven insecticides). Pesticides were detected in 38% of bivalve samples; and frequency and maximum concentrations varied by season, species, and watershed with indaziflam (herbicide) the only current-use forestry pesticide detected. Using passive water samplers, we measured four current-use herbicides corresponding with planned herbicide applications; hexazinone and atrazine were most frequently detected. Details about types and levels of exposure provide insight into effectiveness of current forest management practices in controlling transport of forest-use pesticides.
陆地土地利用活动对河流和海洋物种及生态过程构成跨生态系统威胁。具体而言，农药径流会扰乱水生生物的激素、生殖和发育过程，然而非点源污染难以追踪和量化。在美国俄勒冈州，旨在满足监管水质要求的州和联邦林业农药法规在缓冲带大小和农药施用方面存在差异。我们部署了被动式水样采集器，并从俄勒冈海岸流域采集了河流和河口双壳贝类（ 、 和 ），以检测特定于林业的农药污染情况。我们使用非度量多维标度法和回归分析，将流域间农药污染的浓度和类型与所有权及管理指标联系起来。在从八个沿海流域采集的双壳贝类样本中，我们检测到了十二种独特的农药（两种除草剂、三种杀菌剂和七种杀虫剂）。在38%的双壳贝类样本中检测到了农药；其频率和最大浓度因季节、物种和流域而异，茚嗪氟草胺（除草剂）是唯一检测到的现行使用的林业农药。使用被动式水样采集器，我们测量了与计划施用的除草剂相对应的四种现行使用的除草剂；嗪草酮和阿特拉津检测频率最高。有关暴露类型和水平的详细信息有助于深入了解当前森林管理措施在控制林业用农药运输方面的有效性。
