Brady Derek P., Byerly Doug W.
USUHS
John Dingell VA Medical Center
The ileocolic artery is the most inferior branch of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), supplying blood to the distal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum, vermiform appendix, and the proximal ascending colon (see Conventional Angiogram of the Superior Mesenteric Artery). The ileocolic artery and its branches are of major surgical and clinical significance for the following reasons: 1. Ligation and complete hemostasis of the ileocolic artery or its branches must occur during appendectomy or Meckel diverticulectomy. 2. Ischemia with possible necrosis of the viscus organs supplied by the ileocolic artery may occur in the setting of intussusception. 3. Ischemia in the ileocolic distribution may occur with SMA thromboembolism. 4. Special attention must be paid in the setting of colon cancer resection to sites of vessel anastomoses, including the right colic to ileocolic arteries, for purposes of hemostasis. 5. Lymphatic drainage mirrors vascular supply; understanding anatomy and anatomic variation is essential for successful oncologic surgery. . 6. Understanding the vascular anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract is essential for diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal bleeds. See Ileocolic Artery, Intestine.
回结肠动脉是肠系膜上动脉（SMA）最下方的分支，为回肠末端、回盲瓣、盲肠、阑尾和升结肠近端供血（见肠系膜上动脉传统血管造影）。回结肠动脉及其分支具有重要的外科和临床意义，原因如下：1. 阑尾切除术或梅克尔憩室切除术期间必须结扎回结肠动脉或其分支并实现完全止血。2. 肠套叠时，回结肠动脉供血的内脏器官可能会出现缺血并可能坏死。3. 肠系膜上动脉血栓栓塞时，回结肠分布区域可能会出现缺血。4. 结肠癌切除时，为了止血，必须特别注意血管吻合部位，包括右结肠动脉与回结肠动脉的吻合部位。5. 淋巴引流与血管供应相对应；了解解剖结构和解剖变异对于肿瘤手术的成功至关重要。6. 了解胃肠道的血管解剖结构对于诊断和治疗胃肠道出血至关重要。见回结肠动脉、肠道。
