Arnold Joshua E, Egerer Monika, Daane Kent M
Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Insects. 2019 Jul 22;10(7):215. doi: 10.3390/insects10070215.
Urban agriculture is widely practiced throughout the world. Urban agriculture practitioners have diverse motivations and circumstances, but one problem is ubiquitous across all regions: insect pests. Many urban farmers and gardeners either choose to, or are required to forego, the use of chemical controls for pest outbreaks because of costs, overspray in populated areas, public health, and environmental concerns. An alternative form of pest control is conservation biological control (CBC)-a form of ecological pest management-that can reduce the severity of pest outbreaks and crop damage. Urban farmers relying on CBC often assume that diversification practices similar to those used in rural farms may reduce insect pest populations and increase populations of beneficial insects, yet these management practices may be inappropriate for applications in fragmented urban environments. In this review, we assess urban CBC research and provide a synthesis for urban agriculture practitioners. Our findings indicate that local and landscape factors differentially affect insect pests and beneficial arthropods across the reviewed studies, and we identify several on-farm practices that can be implemented to increase biological control in urban agriculture.
都市农业在全球范围内广泛开展。都市农业从业者有着多样的动机和不同的情况，但有一个问题在所有地区都普遍存在：害虫。由于成本、人口密集地区的喷雾漂移、公共卫生以及环境问题等原因，许多城市农民和园艺工作者要么选择，要么被要求放弃使用化学药剂来控制害虫爆发。一种替代的害虫控制形式是保护性生物防治（CBC）——一种生态害虫管理形式——它可以减轻害虫爆发的严重程度并减少作物损害。依靠保护性生物防治的城市农民通常认为，与农村农场类似的多样化做法可能会减少害虫数量并增加益虫数量，然而这些管理做法可能不适用于碎片化的城市环境。在本综述中，我们评估了都市保护性生物防治的研究，并为都市农业从业者提供了一份综述。我们的研究结果表明，在所审查的研究中，局部和景观因素对害虫和有益节肢动物的影响各不相同，并且我们确定了几种可以实施的农场管理做法，以增强都市农业中的生物防治效果。
