Jacob Stefanie, Knoll Sarah, Huhn Carolin, Köhler Heinz-R, Tisler Selina, Zwiener Christian, Triebskorn Rita
University of Tübingen, Animal Physiological Ecology, Tübingen, Germany.
University of Tübingen, Effect-based Environmental Analysis, Tübingen, Germany.
PeerJ. 2019 Jul 11;7:e7289. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7289. eCollection 2019.
Guanylurea is the main transformation product of the antidiabetic drug metformin, which is one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals worldwide. Due to the high rate of microbial degradation of metformin in sewage treatment plants, guanylurea occurs in higher concentrations in surface waters than its parent compound and could therefore affect aquatic wildlife. In this context, data for fish are scarce up to now which made us investigate the health of brown trout ( f. ) in response to guanylurea.
In two experiments, eggs plus developing larvae and juvenile brown trout were exposed to three different concentrations of guanylurea (10, 100 and 1,000 µg/L) and, as a negative control, filtered tap water without this compound. Low internal concentrations were determined. The investigated parameters were mortality, length, weight, condition factor, tissue integrity of the liver and kidney, levels of stress proteins and lipid peroxides, as well as behavioural and developmental endpoints. It was found that guanylurea did not significantly change any of these parameters in the tested concentration range.
In conclusion, these results do not give rise to concern that guanylurea could negatively affect the health or the development of brown trout under field conditions. Nevertheless, more studies focusing on further parameters and other species are highly needed for a more profound environmental risk assessment of guanylurea.
胍基脲是抗糖尿病药物二甲双胍的主要转化产物，二甲双胍是全球处方量最大的药物之一。由于污水处理厂中二甲双胍的微生物降解率很高，胍基脲在地表水中的浓度高于其母体化合物，因此可能会影响水生野生动物。在此背景下，目前鱼类相关数据稀缺，这促使我们研究褐鳟（f.）对胍基脲的健康反应。
在两项实验中，将鱼卵加发育中的幼体和幼年褐鳟暴露于三种不同浓度的胍基脲（10、100和1000μg/L），并以不含该化合物的过滤自来水作为阴性对照。测定了低体内浓度。所研究的参数包括死亡率、体长、体重、状况因子、肝脏和肾脏的组织完整性、应激蛋白和脂质过氧化物水平，以及行为和发育终点。结果发现，在测试浓度范围内，胍基脲并未显著改变这些参数中的任何一个。
总之，这些结果并不表明胍基脲会在野外条件下对褐鳟的健康或发育产生负面影响。然而，为了对胍基脲进行更深入的环境风险评估，迫切需要更多关注其他参数和其他物种的研究。
