Salih Hafiz H M, El Badawy Amro M, Tolaymat Thabet M, Patterson Craig L
Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois, 615 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Adv Nanopart. 2019;8(2):21-35. doi: 10.4236/anp.2019.82002.
Engineered nanomaterials are used in many applications, including pollution sensors, photovoltaics, medical imaging, drug delivery and environmental remediation. Due to their numerous applications, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are receiving a large amount of attention. Ag NPs may occur in drinking water sources either during manufacturing, consumption and/or disposal processes. This potentially leads to the presence of Ag NPs in finished drinking water, which could have public health impacts. The objective of this research was to investigate the removal of several types of stabilized Ag NPs by potable water treatment processes. Specifically, this research achieved these objectives through; 1) Synthesis of Citrate-reduced Ag NPs, Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized (PVP) Ag NPs and Branched polyethyleneimine stabilized (BPEI) Ag NPs, 2) Characterization of synthesized Ag NPs to determine their aggregation potential, Zeta potential profiles, (pHpzc) and obtain morphological data from SEM images, and 3) An evaluation of the efficacy of conventional water treatment processes (i.e., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration) in removing stabilized Ag NPs from natural water. The three NPs were found to be stable at the nano size in natural water. Alum coagulation had no impact on the PVP and BPEI Ag NPs. Flocculation and settling were found to be key steps for removal of these NPs. The three Ag NPs were not permanently removed by means of conventional water treatment processes employed in this study.
工程纳米材料被应用于许多领域，包括污染传感器、光伏、医学成像、药物递送和环境修复。由于其众多的应用，银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）受到了大量关注。Ag NPs可能在制造、消费和/或处置过程中出现在饮用水源中。这可能导致成品饮用水中存在Ag NPs，进而可能对公众健康产生影响。本研究的目的是调查饮用水处理工艺对几种类型的稳定化Ag NPs的去除效果。具体而言，本研究通过以下方式实现了这些目标：1）合成柠檬酸盐还原的Ag NPs、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮稳定化（PVP）的Ag NPs和支化聚乙烯亚胺稳定化（BPEI）的Ag NPs；2）对合成的Ag NPs进行表征，以确定其聚集潜力、zeta电位分布、（零电荷点pHpzc）并从扫描电子显微镜图像中获取形态学数据；3）评估常规水处理工艺（即混凝、絮凝、沉淀和砂滤）从天然水中去除稳定化Ag NPs的效果。发现这三种纳米颗粒在天然水中纳米尺寸下是稳定的。明矾混凝对PVP和BPEI Ag NPs没有影响。絮凝和沉淀被发现是去除这些纳米颗粒的关键步骤。本研究采用的常规水处理工艺并未将这三种Ag NPs永久去除。
