Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Portland, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2022;435:81-106. doi: 10.1007/82_2019_175.
Chikungunya is a clinically and economically important arbovirus that has spread globally in the twenty-first century. While uncommonly fatal, infection with the virus can lead to incapacitating arthralgia that can persist for months to years. The adverse impacts of viral spread are most severe in developing low- and middle-income countries in which medical infrastructure is insufficient and manual labor is an economic driver. Unfortunately, no prophylactic or therapeutic treatments are approved for human use to combat the virus. Historically, vaccination has proven to be the most efficient and successful strategy for protecting populations and eradicating infectious disease. A large and diverse range of promising vaccination approaches for use against Chikungunya has emerged in recent years and been shown to safely elicit protective immune responses in animal models and humans. Importantly, many of these are based on technologies that have been clinically approved for use against other pathogens. Furthermore, clinical trials are currently ongoing for a subset of these. The purpose of this review is to provide a description of the relevant immunobiology of Chikungunya infection, to present immune-stimulating technologies that have been successfully employed to protect against infection, and discuss priorities and challenges regarding the future development of a vaccine for clinical use.
基孔肯雅热是一种具有临床和经济重要性的虫媒病毒，已在 21 世纪在全球范围内传播。虽然病毒感染并不常见致命，但它可导致使人丧失能力的关节炎，持续数月至数年。病毒传播的不利影响在医疗基础设施不足且体力劳动是经济驱动力的发展中低收入国家最为严重。不幸的是，目前没有批准用于人类对抗该病毒的预防或治疗性治疗方法。从历史上看，疫苗接种已被证明是保护人群和消灭传染病最有效和最成功的策略。近年来，出现了大量针对基孔肯雅热的有前途的疫苗接种方法，并已在动物模型和人类中安全地诱导出保护性免疫反应。重要的是，其中许多方法基于已获得临床批准用于对抗其他病原体的技术。此外，目前正在对其中的一部分进行临床试验。本综述的目的是描述基孔肯雅热感染的相关免疫生物学，介绍已成功用于预防感染的免疫刺激技术，并讨论未来开发用于临床使用的疫苗的优先事项和挑战。
