细胞免疫疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用。

Cellular Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Hematopoietic Malignancies.

机构信息

Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1143:217-229. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_10.

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has been shown to be an efficacious therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancers including hematopoietic malignancies. Induction of T cell cytotoxicity against tumors by adoptive cell therapies (ACT), cancer vaccines, gene therapies, and monoclonal antibody therapies has been intensively studied. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies are the recent clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy. This article introduces the main concepts and addresses the most relevant clinical modalities of cellular immunotherapies for hematological malignancies: antigen non-specific T cell therapy, genetically modified T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, and CAR-T cell clinical trials in leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Clinical trials have shown encouraging results, but future studies may need to incorporate novel CAR constructs or targets with enhanced safety and efficacy to ensure long-term benefits.

摘要

癌症免疫疗法已被证明是一种有效的治疗方法，可用于治疗包括血液恶性肿瘤在内的多种癌症。通过过继细胞疗法（ACT）、癌症疫苗、基因疗法和单克隆抗体疗法诱导针对肿瘤的 T 细胞细胞毒性已得到深入研究。特别是，免疫检查点阻断和嵌合抗原受体 T（CAR-T）细胞疗法是癌症免疫疗法最近的临床成功案例。本文介绍了主要概念，并讨论了针对血液恶性肿瘤的细胞免疫疗法的最相关临床模式：抗原非特异性 T 细胞治疗、基因修饰的 T 细胞受体（TCR）T 细胞治疗、嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞治疗以及 CAR-T 细胞临床试验在白血病、淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤中的应用。临床试验已显示出令人鼓舞的结果，但未来的研究可能需要结合新型的 CAR 结构或具有增强安全性和疗效的靶标，以确保长期受益。