Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
J Biosoc Sci. 2020 Mar;52(2):272-285. doi: 10.1017/S0021932019000439. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
The aim of this research was to analyse variation in body image perception and satisfaction by age, sex and nutritional status in an adult sample from the Basque Country, Spain. A case-control study was performed for 227 women and 178 men aged 18-70 years. Stunkard's silhouettes were used to evaluate Current Body Image (CBI) and Ideal Body Image (IBI), as well as dissatisfaction and inconsistency scores. Nutritional status was assessed following the WHO criteria for BMI in an adult population. The sample was divided into four groups based on sex and age (early adulthood <45 years, and middle/older adulthood ≥45 years). The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to evaluate sex and age differences, and the Gamma coefficient to assess the association between body image variables and nutritional status. Significant age differences in CBI (p<0.05) and sex differences in IBI (p<0.001) were detected. Both variables showed a positive association with BMI (p<0.01), which indicates that BMI is a biological characteristic related to body image satisfaction and influences participants' perception of themselves. Dissatisfaction scores showed that both sex and age differences (p<0.05) were negatively associated with BMI (p<0.001). Only participants ≥45 years presented sex differences in inconsistency scores (p<0.05); this variable was associated with BMI in women (p<0.01). Preferences in body image showed sexual dimorphism, with women preferring thinner bodies than men - a pattern observed in many Western populations - linked in part to sociocultural pressures. Women were more dissatisfied with their bodies than men; a higher dissatisfaction was observed in older relative to younger participants. The results confirm the association between nutritional status and body size perception and satisfaction, but also the relationship between nutritional status and the reliability with which women can classify themselves; in men, this relationship was not as clear.
本研究旨在分析西班牙巴斯克地区成年人样本中，年龄、性别和营养状况对体像感知和满意度的影响。对 227 名女性和 178 名年龄在 18-70 岁的男性进行了病例对照研究。使用 Stunkard silhouettes 评估当前体像 (CBI) 和理想体像 (IBI) ，以及不满和不一致评分。根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 对成年人的 BMI 标准评估营养状况。根据性别和年龄将样本分为四组 (年轻成年人 <45 岁，中年/老年成年人 ≥45 岁) 。采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验评估性别和年龄差异，采用 Gamma 系数评估体像变量与营养状况之间的关系。CBI 在年龄上有显著差异 (p<0.05) ，IBI 在性别上有显著差异 (p<0.001) 。两个变量均与 BMI 呈正相关 (p<0.01) ，表明 BMI 是与体像满意度相关的生物特征，影响参与者对自身的感知。不满评分表明，性别和年龄差异 (p<0.05) 与 BMI 呈负相关 (p<0.001) 。只有≥45 岁的参与者在不一致评分上存在性别差异 (p<0.05) ；该变量与女性 BMI 相关 (p<0.01) 。体像偏好存在性别二态性，女性比男性更喜欢更瘦的身体 - 这是许多西方人群的一种模式 - 部分与社会文化压力有关。女性对自己的身体比男性更不满意；与年轻参与者相比，年龄较大的参与者的不满程度更高。研究结果证实了营养状况与身体大小感知和满意度之间的关联，也证实了营养状况与女性能够对自己进行分类的可靠性之间的关系；而在男性中，这种关系并不明显。
