Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 24;14(7):e0220138. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220138. eCollection 2019.
Although the literature on the Maillard reaction in infant formulas is extensive, most studies have focused on model systems, and in only a few cases on real food systems. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the status of the Maillard reaction, both the early and advanced phases, in a variety of commercial infant formulas available on the Swedish market. Ten powder and liquid milk-based infant formulas from three manufacturers were selected to determine available lysine and CML contents, the two established indicators of the reaction. The products were also characterized with respect to protein content, carbohydrates composition, water content and water activity. In order to be able to compare the impact of different processing steps applied on powder and liquid formulas, the solid formulas contained similar ingredients as their corresponding liquid ones. Our findings showed that powder and liquid formulas contained similar available lysine concentrations regardless of the manufacturer, showing 27.14-36.57% decrease in the available lysine, compared to the reference skim milk powder in this study. The CML concentrations were in a broad range of 68.77-507.99 mg / kg protein. In the case of one manufacturer, liquid infant formulas had significantly higher CML content, compared to the powder products (p < 0.05). The results from this study are a step taken towards better understanding of the extent of the Maillard reaction in real complex systems of infant formulas.
尽管婴儿配方奶粉中美拉德反应的文献很多，但大多数研究都集中在模型体系上，只有少数研究涉及实际食品体系。因此，本研究的目的是确定瑞典市场上各种商业婴儿配方奶粉中早期和晚期美拉德反应的状态。选择了来自三个制造商的十种粉末和液体牛奶基婴儿配方奶粉，以确定可用赖氨酸和 CML 含量，这两个是反应的两个既定指标。这些产品还具有蛋白质含量、碳水化合物组成、水分含量和水分活度的特点。为了能够比较不同加工步骤对粉末和液体配方的影响，固体配方含有与其相应液体配方相似的成分。我们的研究结果表明，无论制造商如何，粉末和液体配方都含有相似的可用赖氨酸浓度，与本研究中的参考脱脂奶粉相比，可用赖氨酸减少了 27.14-36.57%。CML 浓度在 68.77-507.99mg/kg 蛋白质的广泛范围内。在一个制造商的情况下，与粉末产品相比，液体婴儿配方奶粉的 CML 含量显著更高（p<0.05）。本研究的结果是朝着更好地理解婴儿配方奶粉实际复杂体系中美拉德反应程度迈出的一步。
