Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC, B11, Sölvegatan 19, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 8;12(1):4039. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08001-w.
Western diet is extending worldwide and suspected to be associated with various metabolic diseases. Many food products have skim milk powder added to it and, during processing, lactose reacts with milk proteins and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are formed. Dietary MRPs are suggested risk factors for metabolic dysregulation, but the mechanisms behind are still enigmatic. Here we describe that weaning rats fed diets rich in MRPs are affected in both their immune and endocrine systems. Marked structural changes in pancreas, intestine and thymus are noted already after 1 week of exposure. The pancreatic islets become sparser, the intestinal mucosa is thinner, and thymus displays increased apoptosis and atrophy. Glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1) seems to play a key role in that the number of GLP-1 expressing cells is up-regulated in endocrine pancreas but down-regulated in the intestinal mucosa. Further, intestinal GLP-1-immunoreactive cells are juxta positioned not only to nerve fibres and tuft cells, as previously described, but also to intraepithelial CD3 positive T cells, rendering them a strategic location in metabolic regulation. Our results suggest dietary MRPs to cause metabolic disorders, dysregulation of intestinal GLP-1- immunoreactive cells, arrest in pancreas development and thymus atrophy.
西方饮食正在在全球范围内蔓延，被怀疑与各种代谢疾病有关。许多食品都添加了脱脂奶粉，在加工过程中，乳糖与乳蛋白发生反应，形成美拉德反应产物（MRPs）。膳食 MRPs 被认为是代谢失调的危险因素，但背后的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们描述了给喂食富含 MRPs 的饮食的断奶大鼠，其免疫系统和内分泌系统都受到了影响。仅在暴露 1 周后，就注意到胰腺、肠道和胸腺出现明显的结构变化。胰岛变得稀疏，肠黏膜变薄，胸腺显示出凋亡和萎缩增加。胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）似乎起着关键作用，因为内分泌胰腺中表达 GLP-1 的细胞数量增加，而在肠黏膜中则减少。此外，肠道 GLP-1 免疫反应性细胞不仅如先前所述与神经纤维和簇状细胞毗邻，而且与上皮内 CD3 阳性 T 细胞毗邻，使它们成为代谢调节的战略位置。我们的结果表明，膳食 MRPs 会导致代谢紊乱、肠道 GLP-1 免疫反应性细胞失调、胰腺发育停滞和胸腺萎缩。
