Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. P St. Camilo José Cela s/n, 41018 Seville, Spain.
Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. P St. Camilo José Cela s/n, 41018 Seville, Spain; Virgen del Rocío Outpatient Mental Hospital, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain St. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Compr Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;93:48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
This study addresses the psychometric properties of a Spanish validation of the REF scale of ideas of reference (IRs) in detecting and following at-risk mental states and psychosis.
A total of 9447 participants were distributed in three groups: 676 patients with various diagnoses-154 with psychotic disorders, 6291 youths aged 11 to 20, and 2480 adult participants aged 21 to 84.
Youths had higher scores than adults on IRs, observing a progressive decrease and stabilization in the twenties. Exploratory factor analysis provided a structure for the overall IRs score, with five first-order dimensions and one second-order dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure with excellent fit. The REF scale was invariant across sex and samples. The internal consistency of the complete scale was excellent and acceptable across the five first-order factors. Strong relationships were found with the positive dimension of the community assessment of psychic experience-42, as well as with aberrant salience. Low and moderate relationships were found with public self-consciousness, anxiety, and depression. Youths and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders had a high mean IRs frequency. Male sex, greater age (among the adults), and the "causal explanations", "Songs, newspapers, books" and "laughing and commenting" REF subscales showed predictive power in the diagnostic categories of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
The results provide satisfactory that the REF scale could be used to study psychosis.
本研究旨在评估西班牙版观念参照量表（REF）在检测和随访高危精神状态和精神病方面的心理测量特性。
共有 9447 名参与者分为三组：676 名患有各种诊断的患者-154 名患有精神病性障碍，6291 名 11 至 20 岁的青少年和 2480 名 21 至 84 岁的成年参与者。
青少年在观念参照上的得分高于成年人，观察到二十多岁时呈逐渐下降和稳定的趋势。探索性因素分析为整体观念参照得分提供了一个结构，具有五个一阶维度和一个二阶维度。验证性因素分析支持了具有极好拟合度的结构。REF 量表在性别和样本上具有不变性。完整量表的内部一致性在五个一阶因子上均表现出色且可接受。与社区心理体验评估-42 的阳性维度以及异常突显之间存在强烈的关系。与公众自我意识、焦虑和抑郁之间存在低度和中度关系。青少年和被诊断为精神分裂症和其他精神病性障碍的患者的观念参照频率较高。男性、较大年龄（在成年人中）以及“因果解释”、“歌曲、报纸、书籍”和“大笑和评论”REF 子量表在精神分裂症和其他精神病性障碍的诊断类别中具有预测能力。
结果提供了令人满意的证据，表明 REF 量表可用于研究精神病。
