Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Maruípe, Brasil.
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2019 Jul 22;35(7):e00039718. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00039718.
This study aimed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with high estimated sodium/potassium ratio. A total of 15,105 participants were assessed, from 35 to 74 years of age, from a cohort of public employees (ELSA-Brazil). Socioeconomic data were collected with a questionnaire, and 12-hour nighttime urine samples were collected to estimate sodium and potassium intake. Sodium/potassium ratio was calculated in mmol/L and divided into tertiles: 1st tertile, corresponding to "low"; 2nd tertile for "medium"; and 3rd tertile for "high" sodium/potassium ratio. The proportions and means were compared according to the classification of tertiles in the sodium/potassium ratio, using chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were tested, with the 1st tertile as the reference. Factors associated with sodium/potassium ratio were: male sex (OR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.60-1.98); age 35 to 44 years (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.33-2.19); incomplete elementary schooling (OR = 2.38; 95%CI: 1.78-3.18); and lower income (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.26-1.73). Men, younger individuals, and those with less schooling and income showed higher mean sodium/potassium ratio.
本研究旨在确定与高估计钠/钾比值相关的社会人口学因素。共有 15105 名年龄在 35 至 74 岁的参与者参与了这项来自公共雇员队列的研究（ELSA-Brazil）。通过问卷调查收集了社会经济数据，并采集了 12 小时夜间尿液样本以估计钠和钾的摄入量。以 mmol/L 计算钠/钾比值，并将其分为三分位：第 1 分位表示“低”；第 2 分位表示“中”；第 3 分位表示“高”钠/钾比值。使用卡方检验和方差分析（ANOVA）根据钠/钾比值的三分位分类比较比例和平均值。进行了未经调整和调整后的多项逻辑回归模型测试，以第 1 分位作为参考。与钠/钾比值相关的因素包括：男性（OR=1.78；95%CI：1.60-1.98）；35 至 44 岁（OR=1.71；95%CI：1.33-2.19）；未完成小学教育（OR=2.38；95%CI：1.78-3.18）；以及较低的收入（OR=1.47；95%CI：1.26-1.73）。男性、年轻个体以及受教育程度较低和收入较低的人表现出更高的平均钠/钾比值。
