Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Glob Health Action. 2023 Dec 31;16(1):2156110. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2156110.
In 2021, WHO notes that globally, 32% of annual deaths worldwide are due to cardiovascular causes, which have been attributed to excessive sodium intake, and therefore recommends a reduction in salt intake to less than 5 g/day. Ecuador does not have data on sodium consumption in the population. Hence, this study sought to determine the association between sodium consumption and sociodemographic variables in subjects living in urban areas of Ecuador.
Determine the main dietary sources of sodium in subjects living in urban areas of the Coast and Highlands of Ecuador, and the association between sodium intake and sociodemographic variables such as: sex, region, marital status, socio-economic and educational level of this population.
Sodium intake was studied in 800 subjects of both sexes aged 15 to 65 years living in urban areas in Ecuador, originating from the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS) between 2014 and 2015. Data were obtained through two 24-hour recalls, and were accessed according to sex, region, age, marital status, socio-economic and educational levels.
The mean sodium intake was 4900 mg/day (SD ± 1188.32 mg/day), and both sexes exceeded the recommendations. Adjusting for energy intake, sodium consumption is higher in participants aged 50-65 years, from low socio-economic status and with basic education level. A positive relationship was found between sodium and energy intake. Around 48% of the sodium sources included the spices, condiments and herbs group. Within this group, salt itself constitutes 99% of sodium sources.
The Ecuadorian population consumes more than double the sodium recommendations, which vary according to gender and age. The first source of sodium is salt itself, which is part of spices and condiments food group. This data is important to formulate public health policies and interventions in Ecuador, especially in the population at risk.
2021 年，世卫组织指出，全球每年有 32%的死亡是由于心血管疾病导致的，而心血管疾病的发生可归因于钠摄入量过高，因此世卫组织建议将盐摄入量减少到每天 5 克以下。厄瓜多尔没有关于人群中钠摄入量的数据。因此，本研究旨在确定厄瓜多尔沿海和高地城市地区人群的钠摄入量与社会人口学变量之间的关系。
确定居住在厄瓜多尔沿海和高地城市地区的人群的主要钠摄入来源，以及钠摄入量与社会人口学变量（如性别、地区、婚姻状况、社会经济和教育水平）之间的关系。
2014 年至 2015 年期间，在厄瓜多尔城市地区进行了拉丁美洲营养与健康研究（ELANS），共纳入 800 名 15 至 65 岁的男女受试者。通过两次 24 小时回顾法获得数据，并根据性别、地区、年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济和教育水平进行了分析。
平均钠摄入量为 4900 毫克/天（标准差±1188.32 毫克/天），且男女均超过了推荐摄入量。调整能量摄入后，50-65 岁、社会经济地位较低和具有基本教育水平的参与者的钠摄入量较高。钠与能量摄入之间存在正相关关系。约 48%的钠来源包括香料、调味料和草药组。在该组中，盐本身构成了 99%的钠来源。
厄瓜多尔人群的钠摄入量超过了推荐量的两倍，且这一数值因性别和年龄而异。钠的首要来源是盐本身，盐是香料和调味料食物组的一部分。这些数据对于制定厄瓜多尔的公共卫生政策和干预措施非常重要，尤其是对高危人群。
